2010 Chevrolet Colorado Fluids and Chemicals

Mobil 1 Synthetic ATF is a multi-vehicle, fully synthetic automatic transmission fluid that helps to improve overall transmission durability and cleanliness. Has exceptional thermal and oxidation stability and long-term frictional properties that help to improve and extend transmission efficiency, smooth shifting performance, and fuel economy. Mobil 1 ATF provides excellent low-temperature fluidity to promote reliable lubrication at temperatures down to -51C, and exceptional shear stability to help supports viscosity retention under the most severe heavy-duty, high-temperature operating conditions. Compatibile with mineral ATF fluids and all common seal materials to help provide excelent leakage control and reduce concern in top-off emergencies. Meets or exceeds the requirements of JASO 1-A and Ford MERCON V.

Product Features:

• Multi-vehicle, fully synthetic automatic transmission fluid that helps to improve overall transmission durability and cleanliness
• Exceptional thermal and oxidation stability to improve and extend transmission efficiency, smooth shifting performance, and fuel economy
• Excellent high and low-temperature fluidity to help support viscosity retention under extreme, heavy-duty operating conditions
• Compatibile with mineral ATF fluids and all common seal materials to help provide excelent leakage control
• Meets or exceeds the requirements of JASO 1-A and Ford MERCON V
• Manufacturer Part Number: 112980

Valvoline DEXRON-VI/MERCON LV ATF is a full-synthetic transmission fluid formulated with advanced additive technology to meet and exceed the requirements of the General Motors DEXRON-VI specification. It is officially licensed and approved by GM and is fully back-serviceable and can be used wherever DEXRON-II and/or DEXRON-III are recommended. Recommended for use in the following applications: DEXRON-VI, DEXRON-III, DEXRON-II, MERCON LV and Allison C-4.

Product Features:

• Formulated with full-synthetic base stocks and advanced additive technology to meet the challenging demands of automatic transmissions
• Enhanced anti-shudder protection for smooth shifting and maximum power transfer
• Developed with anti-wear technology to help improve transmission durability
• Engineered with a proprietary blend of base oils and advanced additives to provide better oil flow at low temperatures and greater film protection at higher temperatures

Prestone® Power Steering Fluid + Stop Leak (PSF+SL) delivers increased system life and prevents & stops system leaks. Stop Leak additives renew, restore and condition seals in the power steering system. These seals harden and shrink over time which are the likely cause of leaks. The stop leak additives also prevent leaks by rejuvenating seals before they leak. Also designed with Anti-wear System Protection, Prestone PSF+SL protects against pump failure, squeals and clogs. This 50,000 mile fluid life is formulated for use in all manufacturers; cars, SUVs, crossovers, and light and medium duty trucks. This a conventional fluid. Many cars 2006 and newer use synthetic based fluids for longer life and better protection. Conventional and synthetic fluids can be mixed but performance and replacement intervals are reduced by the conventional fluid.

Product Features:

• 50,000 Mile Fluid Life
• Includes Stop Leak Additives to prevent and stop power steering system leaks.
• Anti-Wear Protection = Increased System Life. Protects against pump failure, squeals and clogs. Corrosion protection for metals, rubber & gasket components.
• Conventional Formula – For use in all manufacturers

Prestone® MAX American Vehicles Power Steering Fluid (PSF) + Stop Leak maximizes and increases system life + the power to stop leaks. Stop Leak additives renew, restore and condition seals in the power steering system. These seals harden and shrink over time which are the likely cause of leaks. This formula is also great at preventing leaks by rejuvenating seals before they leak. This synthetic fluid is designed with 2X Anti-wear System Protection, which means more protection against pump failure, squeals and clogs. 100,000 mile fluid life, 2X more than conventional fluid, extends the time between replacement. This fluid is formulated for American vehicle manufacturers: Ford, Lincoln, Mercury, Dodge, Ram, Jeep, Chrysler, GMC, Chevrolet, Buick, Cadillac, Pontiac, Oldsmobile and others. Many cars 2006 and newer use synthetic based fluids for longer life and better protection. Conventional and synthetic fluids can be mixed but performance and replacement intervals are reduced by the conventional fluid.

Product Features:

• 100,000 Mile Fluid Life. Synthetic Formula for longer life and more protection
• MAX + Stop Leak. Stop Leak Additives to prevent and stop power steering system leaks.
• For use in American vehicle manufacturers: Ford, Lincoln, Mercury, Dodge, Ram, Jeep, Chrysler, GMC, Chevrolet, Buick, Cadillac, Pontiac, Oldsmobile and other
• 2X Anti-Wear Protection for enhanced System Life vs. conventional fluid. More protection against pump failure, squeals and clogs

Prestone® Power Steering Fluid + Stop Leak (PSF+SL) delivers increased system life and prevents & stops system leaks. Stop Leak additives renew, restore and condition seals in the power steering system. These seals harden and shrink over time which are the likely cause of leaks. The stop leak additives also prevent leaks by rejuvenating seals before they leak. Also designed with Anti-wear System Protection, Prestone PSF+SL protects against pump failure, squeals and clogs. This 50,000 mile fluid life is formulated for use in all manufacturers; cars, SUVs, crossovers, and light and medium duty trucks. This a conventional fluid. Many cars 2006 and newer use synthetic based fluids for longer life and better protection. Conventional and synthetic fluids can be mixed but performance and replacement intervals are reduced by the conventional fluid.

Product Features:

• 50,000 Mile Fluid Life
• Includes Stop Leak Additives to prevent and stop power steering system leaks.
• Anti-Wear Protection = Increased System Life. Protects against pump failure, squeals and clogs. Corrosion protection for metals, rubber & gasket components.
• Conventional Formula – For use in all manufacturers

Help keep positraction chatter down with posi additive from Yukon Gear & Axle.

Product Features:

• positraction additive
• For use in any clutch-style limited slip

Prestone DEX-COOL (concentrate) antifreeze+coolant is specially designed to work with these specific vehicles: All GM® vehicles 1995 & newer (GM approved), most Ford® vehicles 2011 – 2018 and most Chysler® vehicles 2013 & newer. Prestone’s Antifreeze+Coolants are designed to the highest standards using state of the art technology. These fluids are designed to not only manage the engine temp and protect from freezing up, they also protect the engine from rust & corrosion. This fluid is designed to last 5yrs / 150,000 miles.

Product Features:

• Specially formulated to work with vehicles using orange colored fluid; HOAT. All GM 1995 & newer; Most Ford 2011-2018; Most Chrysler 2013 & newer
• 5 Yr., 150,000 mile Extended life formula
• Includes the Prestone protection package that protects against rust and corrosion of all cooling system metals, including aluminum.
• Concentrate formula. Must mix with distilled to the desired mix ratio of EG & water. Can be used for top-off, complete drain and refill or flush and refill of the cooling system.

Fram Extended Life AMAM Concentrate is compatible with ANY antifreeze/coolant in ANY vehicle with aluminum or other cooling system metals. The formulas have a blend of long-lasting inhibitors to guard against temperature extremes and the effects of rust, corrosion, and premature water pump failure. FRAM Concentrate meets or exceeds ASTM D3306 and D4985 for corrosion protection for cars and light duty trucks, while providing reliable freeze-up & boil-over protection.

Product Features:

• Formulated to work with All Vehicles. Universally works with all fluid colors; All OAT, POAT, HOAT & IAT
• 5 Yr., 150,000 mile Extended life formula.
• Meets or exceeds ASTM D3306 & D4985 for corrosion protection.
• Concentrated formula. Must mix with high quality (distilled/deionized) water to the desired ratio. Can be used for top-off, complete drain and refill or flush and refill of the cooling system.

Prestone DEX-COOL (Ready to use) antifreeze+coolant is specially designed to work with these specific vehicles: All GM® vehicles 1995 & newer (GM approved), most Ford® vehicles 2011 – 2018 and most Chysler® vehicles 2013 & newer. Prestone’s Antifreeze+Coolants are designed to the highest standards using state of the art technology. These fluids are designed to not only manage the engine temp and protect from freezing up, they also protect the engine from rust & corrosion. This fluid is designed to last 5yrs / 150,000 miles.

Product Features:

• Specially formulated to work with vehicles using orange colored fluid; HOAT. All GM 1995 & newer; Most Ford 2011-2018; Most Chrysler 2013 & newer
• 5 Yr., 150,000 mile Extended life formula
• Includes the Prestone protection package that protects against rust and corrosion of all cooling system metals, including aluminum.
• Ready to Use formula. Perfect for small volume top-off or complete drain and refill of the cooling system.

Valvoline DEX/MERC ATF is a high-quality transmission fluid formulated to meet the challenging demands many automatic transmissions. Its responsive low-temperature fluidity is beneficial in both electronic and hydraulic controlled transmissions and transaxles. Recommended for use in the following applications: MERCON®, DEXRON®-III, Ford M2C138-CJ and M2C166-H, Allison C-4 and TES-389, and Caterpillar TO-2.

Product Features:

• Formulated with premium base stocks and advanced additive technology to meet the challenging demands of automatic transmissions.
• Enhanced anti-shudder protection for smooth shifting and maximum power transfer
• Developed with anti-wear technology to help improve transmission durability
• Engineered with a proprietary blend of base oils and advanced additives to provide better oil flow at low temperatures and greater film protection at higher temperatures

Automatic Transmission Fluid – 1 Liter and with High Performance

Give your higher mileage engine the care it deserves with Mobil 1 High Mileage full-synthetic motor oil 0W-20. This formula utilizes Mobil 1’s signature Triple Action Formula to deliver outstanding engine performance, protection, and cleanliness to vehicles with over 75,000 miles. Mobil 1 High Mileage motor oil extends engine life by reducing friction and preventing deposits and sludge buildup – keeping critical engine parts clean and protected for up to 10,000 miles between oil changes.(1) Mobil 1 helps to keep your engine running at lower temperatures(2) and is proven to cool engine temperatures by over 10%.(3) Mobil 1 High Mileage full-synthetic motor oil 5W-30 also helps control oxidation to prevent oil breakdown and is recommended by ExxonMobil for all types of modern cars, SUVs, light vans, and light trucks – including those with high-performance, turbocharged, supercharged, multi-valve, or fuel-injected engines. Mobil 1 is America’s No. 1 selling synthetic motor oil brand at retail, (4) trusted and recommended by car builders and experienced mechanics, and is the Official Motor Oil of NASCAR®. ((1)Protects for up to 10,000 miles or 1 year, whichever comes first. To learn more about the Mobil 1 Limited Warranty, visit Mobil.US. (2)Compared to conventional oil. (3) Based on proprietary engine testing¿results may vary. (4) Source: The NPD Group/ Retail Tracking Service/ Dollar Sales/ PCMO full-synthetic/ 52 weeks ending September 30, 2023)

Product Features:

• Mobil 1 High Mileage full-synthetic motor oil 5W-30 is designed for engines with over 75,000 miles to go up to 10,000 miles between oil changes. (1)
• Utilizes Mobil 1’s signature Triple Action Formula to deliver outstanding engine performance, protection, and cleanliness
• Meets ILSAC GF-6 standards to help provide low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) and timing chain wear protection while keeping your engine clean and helping to improve your fuel economy
• Provides excellent internal engine heat protection (up to 500 degrees F) and low temperature protection (to -30 degrees F)
• Helps extend engine life by working to prevent damaging deposits and sludge buildup
• Manufacturer part number: 103767

Only compatible with R134a refrigerant; Tools required for installation; Plastic bottle; Universal applications

Certified A/C Pro R-134a PAG 46 Refrigerant Oil with ICE 32. This product contains approximately 8 fluid ounces of PAG refrigerant oil with ICE32. Low viscosity PAG oil for R-134a auto A/C systems; ISO 46 viscosity. R-134a PAG 46 AC Oil Lubricant: with ICE 32 Lubricant Enhancer features advanced chemistry to help extend compressor life and improve cooling capacity. The PAG oil helps quiet noisy compressors. Meets OEM specifications.

Product Features:

• Low viscosity PAG oil for R-134a auto A/C systems; ISO 46 viscosity
• ICE32 Lubricant Enhancer: advanced chemistry to help extend compressor life and improve cooling capacity
• Meets OEM specifications

Synchromesh Manual Transmission Oil 1 Qtr

75,000 miles is more than a mile marker. It’s a signal that your engine is ready for greater protection. That’s when you need Valvoline High Mileage with MaxLife Technology Motor Oil. Its exclusive formula is proven to maximize engine life in cars, trucks, and SUVs with over 75,000 miles. Our mixture is specially developed with a unique combination of synthetic and premium conventional oils to protect your high-mileage motor against wear, friction, heat, and deposits – the four major causes of engine breakdown and expensive repairs. Anti-wear additives defend critical engine components, advanced friction-fighting agents reduce heat and abrasion, added detergents clean the inside of your engine, and premium seal conditioners handle aging seals to prevent leaks. It fights sludge, corrosion and rust that can rob your engine of horsepower, fuel efficiency and longevity. From extreme temperatures and cold starts to stop-and-go traffic and frequent short trips, viscosity modifiers make sure the oil flows more easily, coats more completely, and resists thermal breakdown under even the most intense driving conditions. Its unique mixture curbs contaminants to keep high-mileage engines from burning and consuming oil that can foul spark plugs, creating higher emissions and causing your motor to run roughly.

Product Features:

• MAXLIFE TECHNOLOGY PREVENTS engine breakdown with 40% better wear protection than the industry standard
• REFRESH AGING SEALS AND PREVENT LEAKS with seal conditioners
• REDUCE SLUDGE, DEPOSITS, CORROSION, AND RUST with added detergents – keep motors clean inside
• ENHANCED FRICTION PERFORMANCE HELPS MAXIMIZE POWER with advanced friction-fighting agents
• MEETS OR EXCEEDS ALL REQUIREMENTS of ILSAC GF-6A, API SP, API SN with SN PLUS, API SN
• MaxLife Technology: Valvoline High Mileage with MaxLife Technology is specially formulated to maximize engine life in vehicles with over 75,000 miles, providing superior protection against wear, friction, heat, and deposits.
• Synthetic Blend Composition: This motor oil features a unique combination of synthetic and premium conventional oils, ensuring optimal performance and protection for high-mileage engines.

75,000 miles is more than a mile marker. It’s a signal that your engine is ready for greater protection. That’s when you need Valvoline High Mileage with MaxLife Technology Motor Oil. Its exclusive formula is proven to maximize engine life in cars, trucks, and SUVs with over 75,000 miles. Our mixture is specially developed with a unique combination of synthetic and premium conventional oils to protect your high-mileage motor against wear, friction, heat, and deposits – the four major causes of engine breakdown and expensive repairs. Anti-wear additives defend critical engine components, advanced friction-fighting agents reduce heat and abrasion, added detergents clean the inside of your engine, and premium seal conditioners handle aging seals to prevent leaks. It fights sludge, corrosion and rust that can rob your engine of horsepower, fuel efficiency and longevity. From extreme temperatures and cold starts to stop-and-go traffic and frequent short trips, viscosity modifiers make sure the oil flows more easily, coats more completely, and resists thermal breakdown under even the most intense driving conditions. Its unique mixture curbs contaminants to keep high-mileage engines from burning and consuming oil that can foul spark plugs, creating higher emissions and causing your motor to run roughly.

Product Features:

• MAXLIFE TECHNOLOGY PREVENTS engine breakdown with 40% better wear protection than the industry standard
• REFRESH AGING SEALS AND PREVENT LEAKS with seal conditioners
• REDUCE SLUDGE, DEPOSITS, CORROSION, AND RUST with added detergents – keep motors clean inside
• ENHANCED FRICTION PERFORMANCE HELPS MAXIMIZE POWER with advanced friction-fighting agents
• MEETS OR EXCEEDS ALL REQUIREMENTS of ILSAC GF-6A, API SP, API SN with SN PLUS, API SN

PENTOSIN ATF 44 5L

Prestone® MAX DOT 4 Motor Vehicle Brake Fluid is our highest grade formula, maximizing performance vs. DOT standard. Prestone MAX is our best brake fluid at protecting against overheating and brake fade. With 75,000 mile fluid life, our longest life fluid has 1.5X more miles between replacement than regular Prestone DOT 3. Prestone MAX has superior performance in severe braking conditions when compared to regular Prestone DOT 4, which means even more piece of mind about the braking system. This synthetic fluid starts with our highest dry boiling point giving our best protection against performance decline due to water absorption. Prestone MAX DOT 4 is safe to use in all DOT 4 braking systems, ABS, disc or drum, and can mix with any DOT 4 fluid. Mixing Prestone MAX with other fluids will lower the performance rating for miles and boil points, for best results replace completely with Prestone MAX DOT 4. It is recommended to only use the DOT fluid specified for your car. Using a different DOT product can affect the boiling point or replacement interval if the wrong fluid is used.

Product Features:

• 75,000 Mile Fluid Life
• Prevent Overheating & Brake Fade with Our Highest Grade Formula. Prevents corrosion of all metals within the braking system.
• Superior Protection in Extreme Braking Conditions
• Synthetic, Long Life Formula – 1.5X Longer than regular Prestone DOT 4

Prestone® DOT 4 Motor Vehicle Brake Fluid delivers enhanced performance vs. DOT standards, benefitting all vehicles calling for DOT 4. This synthetic fluid starts with a higher dry boiling point than the DOT minimum standard to protect against overheating, brake fade and performance decline due to water absorption. This extended life (50,000 mile) fluid is also formulated to prevent corrosion of all metals within the braking system. This formula is safe to use in all DOT 4 braking systems (ABS, disc or drum) and can mix with any DOT 4 fluid. It is recommended to only use the DOT fluid specified for your car, as using a different DOT product can affect the boiling point or replacement interval if the wrong fluid is used.

Product Features:

• 50,000 Mile Fluid Life
• Prevent Overheating & Brake Fade with High Grade Formula
• Protects against performance decline due to water absorption. Prevents corrosion of all metals within the braking system.
• Synthetic, Extended Fluid Life Formula

Prestone® DOT 3 Motor Vehicle Brake Fluid delivers enhanced performance vs. DOT standards, benefitting all vehicles calling for DOT 3. This synthetic fluid starts with a higher dry boiling point than the DOT minimum standard to protect against overheating, brake fade and performance decline due to water absorption. This extended life (50,000 mile) fluid is also formulated to prevent corrosion of all metals within the braking system.  This formula is safe to use in all DOT 3 braking systems (ABS, disc or drum) and can mix with any DOT 3 fluid.  It is recommended to only use the DOT fluid specified for your car, as using a different DOT product can affect the boiling point or replacement interval if the wrong fluid is used.

Product Features:

• 50,000 Mile Fluid Life
• Prevent Overheating & Brake Fade with High Grade Formula*
• Protects against performance decline due to water absorption. Prevents corrosion of all metals within the braking system.
• Synthetic, Extended Fluid Life Formula

Prestone® MAX DOT 3 Motor Vehicle Brake Fluid is our highest grade formula, maximizing performance vs. DOT standard. Prestone MAX is our best brake fluid at protecting against overheating and brake fade. With 100,000 mile fluid life, our longest life fluid has 2X more miles between replacement than regular Prestone DOT 3. Prestone MAX has superior performance in severe braking conditions when compared to regular Prestone DOT 3, which means even more piece of mind about the braking system. This synthetic fluid starts with our highest dry boiling point giving our best protection against performance decline due to water absorption. Prestone MAX DOT 3 is safe to use in all DOT 3 braking systems, ABS, disc or drum, and can mix with any DOT 3 fluid. Mixing Prestone MAX with other fluids will lower the performance rating for miles and boil points, for best results replace completely with Prestone MAX DOT 3. It is recommended to only use the DOT fluid specified for your car. Using a different DOT product can affect the boiling point or replacement interval if the wrong fluid is used.

Product Features:

• 100,000 Mile Fluid Life
• Prevent Overheating & Brake Fade with Our Highest Grade Formula. Prevents corrosion of all metals within the braking system.
• Superior Protection in Extreme Braking Conditions
• Synthetic, Long Life Formula – 2X Longer than regular Prestone DOT 3

Prestone® DOT 4 Motor Vehicle Brake Fluid delivers enhanced performance vs. DOT standards, benefitting all vehicles calling for DOT 4. This synthetic fluid starts with a higher dry boiling point than the DOT minimum standard to protect against overheating, brake fade and performance decline due to water absorption. This extended life (50,000 mile) fluid is also formulated to prevent corrosion of all metals within the braking system. This formula is safe to use in all DOT 4 braking systems (ABS, disc or drum) and can mix with any DOT 4 fluid. It is recommended to only use the DOT fluid specified for your car, as using a different DOT product can affect the boiling point or replacement interval if the wrong fluid is used.

Product Features:

• 50,000 Mile Fluid Life
• Prevent Overheating & Brake Fade with High Grade Formula*
• Protects against performance decline due to water absorption. Prevents corrosion of all metals within the braking system.
• Synthetic, Extended Fluid Life Formula

Valvoline MaxLife Multi-Vehicle Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF) is a full-synthetic formulation with advanced additives to prevent the major causes of transmission breakdown and help extend transmission life.  Developed to help prevent leaks, maximize transmission performance, reduce transmission wear, and maintain smooth shifting longer than conventional fluids. It is suitable for use in a broad range of ATF applications including most Ford, GM, Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Hyundai, BMW, Mercedes, Volvo, VW & Audi.

Product Features:

• Formulated with full-synthetic base stocks and advanced additive technology to meet the challenging demands of automatic transmissions.
• Long life friction modifiers help improve smooth shifting, eliminate slippage and shudder, prevent clutch wear and improve drivability longer than conventional fluids
• High-performance seal conditioners maintain and preserve the elasticity of seals to help prevent leaks in high mileage transmissions
• Developed with anti-wear technology to help improve transmission durability
• Advanced additives to provide better oil flow at low temperatures and greater film protection at higher temperatures
• Suitable for 95% of traditional ATFs including Dex/Merc, Mercon LV & Mercon V

FRAM DEXRON®-VI FULL SYNTHETIC ATF represents the latest technology in full  synthetic automatic transmission fluids. This product is designed for the newest  generation of highly efficient transmissions now being installed in most vehicles, and is  DEXRON®-VI licensed by GM and meets JASO 1A performance requirements. It is a fuel  efficient choice for older models as well, such as those currently using DEXRON®-III. FRAM DEXRON®-VI FULL SYNTHETIC ATF is recommended for use in all GM  DEXRON® applications and in transmissions applications calling for Toyota WS, Nissan  Matic J and Matic S, Ford part numbers XT-10-QLV and XT-6-QSP, Honda Z-1 and DW 1, and Hyundai SP-VI. Check owner’s manual for specific recommendations.

Product Features:

• Outstanding resistance to oxidative and thermal breakdown.
• Exceptional low temperature fluidity.
• Excellent anti-wear properties.
• Excellent gear shift quality throughout service life.
• ALWAYS REFER TO YOUR VEHICLES OPERATING MANUAL TO SELECT THE CORRECT GRADE FLUID FOR YOUR TRANSMISSION
• TRANSMISSION FLUIDS ALSO APPLICABLE IN POWER STEERING UNITS; CHECK OWNERS’ MANUAL

Castrol Transmax High Mileage is specially formulated for transmissions with over 75,000 miles to deliver superior performance for maximum transmission life. It features additional seal conditioners to help stop leaks and cleaning agents to reduce varnish and deposit formation. It also protects against clutch wear and restores smooth shifting and can be used in a wide variety of specifications including DEXRON®-IIIH, MERCON® and JASO-1A.

Product Features:

• Additional seal conditioners help stop leaks.
• Extra cleaning agents reduce varnish and sludge formation.
• Protects against clutch wear and restores smooth shifting.
• Recommended for use in new & older vehicles that require:

Automatic transmission fluid is a technologically advanced, low viscosity formulation specially designed to deliver performance and maximum fuel efficiency for modern automatic transmissions.

Product Features:

• Full Synthetic, low viscosity formulation
• OEM approved and licensed by Ford (MERCON® LV) and GM (DEXRON® -VI)
• Low viscosity formula for maximum fuel efficiency in modern automatic transmissions
• Enhanced friction durability for smooth transmission performance
• Superior high temperature protection to effectively resist oxidation
• Unsurpassed protection against copper corrosion
• Industry Specifications and OEM Approvals: JASO-1A
• Licensed and approved for use in: All GM vehicles (DEXRON®-VI, All previous DEXRON®); All Ford vehicles which specify Mercon® LV

Castrol Transmax ATF/CVT Universal is a technologically advanced full-synthetic formulation designed to deliver excellent performance in most of the traditional stepped automatic transmissions and Continuously Variable Transmissions currently in use. It is also suitable for use in hybrids.

Product Features:

• Coverage of over 300 specs/95% of vehicles in operation
• Broad scope of vehicle applications improves workshop efficiency and inventory management
• Enhanced friction durability for smooth transmission performance
• Superior high temperature protection to effectively resist oxidation