1970 Toyota Land Cruiser Suspension Parts

Product Features:

• Incredible Improvement in Control
• Maintains Proper Caster and Camber Alignment
• Increase in Handling and Control
• Greatly Reduce Wheel Hop on Quick Acceleration
• Even Braking Control is Improved
• Better Suspension Stability

Product Features:

• Incredible Improvement in Control
• Maintains Proper Caster and Camber Alignment
• Increase in Handling and Control
• Greatly Reduce Wheel Hop on Quick Acceleration
• Even Braking Control is Improved
• Better Suspension Stability

Adds a dramatic amount of performance and durability to any vehicle, cars, trucks and SUVs. Helps the vehicle be in control – when maneuvering through turns, during standing start accelerations, braking, even over bumps and berms. Made of Energy’s Hyper-Flex performance polyurethane which lasts 5 -10 times longer than conventional rubber components.

Product Features:

• Made of Superior Hyper-Flex+ Material
• Adds Dramatic Amount of Performance/Durability
• Helps Vehicle Be in Control
• Allows the Suspension to Function Properly

Adds a dramatic amount of performance and durability to any vehicle, cars, trucks and SUVs. Helps the vehicle be in control – when maneuvering through turns, during standing start accelerations, braking, even over bumps and berms. Made of Energy’s Hyper-Flex performance polyurethane which lasts 5 -10 times longer than conventional rubber components.

Product Features:

• Made of Superior Hyper-Flex+ Material
• Adds Dramatic Amount of Performance/Durability
• Helps Vehicle Be in Control
• Allows the Suspension to Function Properly

Adds a dramatic amount of performance and durability to any vehicle, cars, trucks and SUVs. Helps the vehicle be in control – when maneuvering through turns, during standing start accelerations, braking, even over bumps and berms. Made of Energy’s Hyper-Flex performance polyurethane which lasts 5 -10 times longer than conventional rubber components.

Product Features:

• Made of Superior Hyper-Flex+ Material
• Adds Dramatic Amount of Performance/Durability
• Helps Vehicle Be in Control
• Allows the Suspension to Function Properly

Adds a dramatic amount of performance and durability to any vehicle, cars, trucks and SUVs. Helps the vehicle be in control – when maneuvering through turns, during standing start accelerations, braking, even over bumps and berms. Made of Energy’s Hyper-Flex performance polyurethane which lasts 5 -10 times longer than conventional rubber components.

Product Features:

• Made of Superior Hyper-Flex+ Material
• Adds Dramatic Amount of Performance/Durability
• Helps Vehicle Be in Control
• Allows the Suspension to Function Properly

Finish: Black Paint Bilstein B6 4600 gas pressure shock absorbers and struts are designed specifically to help your truck, van or SUV reach its pinnacle in ride performance and handling, while still providing the comfortable ride that has come to be expec

Product Features:

• Monotube gas pressure technology
• Easy to install; direct bolt-on; no modification required
• Improved control and stability, precise handling, ultimate performance, and incredible comfort
• BILSTEIN’s unique piston design offers greater sensitivity and superior vehicle control
• Lifetime Warranty

HYDRO H7000 series shocks are recommended for multiple shock applications and mild to moderate off-road use. Skyjacker(R) hydro shocks, Skyjacker(R) suspensions offers you a high quality shock absorber with true velocity sensitive valving. Shock absorbers, or spring dampers as it is called everywhere else except in the U.S, control the rate at which suspension springs compress and rebound. As the shock is pushed together, this is called bump or compression. As the shock expands, this is called rebound or extension. Absorbing the shock of bumps and suspension loading is actually performed by the springs in the suspension. The shock real job is controlling the energy stored in the springs. The performance specific internal components of Skyjacker shocks respond to the on- and off-road conditions instantly. Whether you are going over rough or smooth terrain at slow or fast speeds, the true velocity sensitive valving produces a stable, controlled level of resistance for better handling, improved stability, and maximum comfort. The technological innovations of these durable, long lasting shocks from Skyjacker(R) deliver a noticeable advantage over the original equipment and other shock dampeners. Skyjacker shock absorbers deliver a safe, comfortable ride with improved handling and stability. They keep the tires in contact with the terrain and put you in control of the road ahead

Product Features:

• Hydraulic Action. Leak Proof Seal Prevents Hydraulic Fluid From Passing Around Piston Head For A Consistent And Reliable Ride
• Multi Stage Velocity Sensitive Valving
• Twin Tube Construction. DOM Tubing Reduces Internal Wear For Longer Product Life
• Bonded Iron Piston For Durability And Longer Shock Life
• Chromed Piston Rod Features Micro Polished Shaft For Improved Product Life And Performance
• Orifice Disk For Axle Control In Any Condition
• Red Polyurethane Bushings

Ride Comfort may be important, but restoring a vehicles Ride Control, stability, stopping, lane change responsiveness and handling is critical. KYB Excel-G Shocks and Struts are designed for the most important performance purpose: Restoring the vehicles original capabilities. KYB is a world leading supplier of shocks and struts to new vehicle manufacturers and the Excel-G is made on the very same KYB OE assembly lines, uses the same OE quality components and is calibrated to restore original, designed performance, not change it. That has earned Excel-G the classification: OEA (Original Equipment for the Aftermarket). The KYB Excel-G is a nitrogen gas-charged, twin-tube design that includes every quality component that our global OEM products include and it is the preferred choice by professional technicians.

Product Features:

• #1 Recommended Original Equipment Replacement Choice For Import Trucks
• The KYB Excel-G Helps Restore The Designed Control And Handling Of Your Toyota Truck
• The KYB Excel-G Uses A Triple Lip Fluid Seal To Reduce The Chance Of Oil And Gas Leaking Out
• Vehicle Specific, Hand Assembled, In-House Damping Valves Correctly Manage Tire Contact, Steering Response And Body Movement
• Electronic Safety Systems Depend On The Suspension, Brakes And Tires Operating As The Vehicle Manufacturer Intended. The KYB Excel-G Helps Keep Electronic Safety Systems Performing As Designed.
• KYB Has The Strongest And Thickest Strut Bodies And Brackets In The Industry; Minimizing Flex To Maintain Correct Alignment In All Conditions

Ride Comfort may be important, but restoring a vehicles Ride Control, stability, stopping, lane change responsiveness and handling is critical. KYB Excel-G Shocks and Struts are designed for the most important performance purpose: Restoring the vehicles original capabilities. KYB is a world leading supplier of shocks and struts to new vehicle manufacturers and the Excel-G is made on the very same KYB OE assembly lines, uses the same OE quality components and is calibrated to restore original, designed performance, not change it. That has earned Excel-G the classification: OEA (Original Equipment for the Aftermarket). The KYB Excel-G is a nitrogen gas-charged, twin-tube design that includes every quality component that our global OEM products include and it is the preferred choice by professional technicians.

Product Features:

• #1 Recommended Original Equipment Replacement Choice For Import Trucks
• The KYB Excel-G Helps Restore The Designed Control And Handling Of Your Japanese Truck
• The KYB Excel-G Uses A Triple Lip Fluid Seal To Reduce The Chance Of Oil And Gas Leaking Out
• Vehicle Specific, Hand Assembled, In-House Damping Valves Correctly Manage Tire Contact, Steering Response And Body Movement
• Electronic Safety Systems Depend On The Suspension, Brakes And Tires Operating As The Vehicle Manufacturer Intended. The KYB Excel-G Helps Keep Electronic Safety Systems Performing As Designed.
• KYB Has The Strongest And Thickest Strut Bodies And Brackets In The Industry; Minimizing Flex To Maintain Correct Alignment In All Conditions

NITRO N8000 series shocks are recommended for full size vehicles and moderate to extreme off-road applications. Skyjacker(R) nitro shocks, Skyjacker(R) suspensions offers you a high quality shock absorber with true velocity sensitive valving. Shock absorbers, or spring dampers as it is called everywhere else except in the U.S, control the rate at which suspension springs compress and rebound. As the shock is pushed together, this is called bump or compression. As the shock expands, this is called rebound or extension. Absorbing the shock of bumps and suspension loading is actually performed by the springs in the suspension. The shock real job is controlling the energy stored in the springs. The performance specific internal components of Skyjacker shocks respond to the on- and off-road conditions instantly. Whether you are going over rough or smooth terrain at slow or fast speeds, the true velocity sensitive valving produces a stable, controlled level of resistance for better handling, improved stability, and maximum comfort. The technological innovations of these durable, long lasting shocks from Skyjacker(R) deliver a noticeable advantage over the original equipment and other shock dampeners. Skyjacker shock absorbers deliver a safe, comfortable ride with improved handling and stability. They keep the tires in contact with the terrain and put you in control of the road ahead

Product Features:

• 150 PSI Pressurized Nitrogen Gas
• Multi Stage Velocity Sensitive Valving
• Twin Tube Construction. DOM Tubing Reduces Internal Wear For Longer Product Life
• Bonded Iron Piston For Durability And Longer Shock Life
• Chromed Piston Rod Features Micro Polished Shaft For Improved Product Life And Performance
• Orifice Disk For Axle Control In Any Condition
• Red Polyurethane Bushings

Monroe® Shock-Mate® Shock Absorber Boot Kits are universal replacement shock boots use to protect the shock’s piston rod from dirt, mud and other contaminants – protecting the life of your shocks.

Product Features:

• Protects the shock’s piston rod from damage
• Universal design for easy installation
• Tie-strap included for a secure fit
• Constructed from high quality urethane for maximum durability
• Multiple color choices available

Monroe® Shock-Mate® Shock Absorber Boot Kits are universal replacement shock boots use to protect the shock’s piston rod from dirt, mud and other contaminants – protecting the life of your shocks.

Product Features:

• Protects the shock’s piston rod from damage
• Universal design for easy installation
• Tie-strap included for a secure fit
• Constructed from high quality urethane for maximum durability
• Multiple color choices available

The shock that started it all! Rancho® RS5000 series has been the shock of choice for light trucks and sport utility vehicles since 1985. Available for stock and lifted applications, RS5000 is ideal for on and off-road use, at an affordable price.

Product Features:

• Ten-stage velocity sensitive valving – Provides tuning specific for each vehicle
• 5/8-in. (16mm) diameter piston rod (select applications) – Adds strength and durability. Size varies by application.
• 1 3/8-in. (35mm) diameter piston (select applications) – Ensures performance in any environment
• Protective boot included – Protects the shock rod and oil seal

The shock that started it all! Rancho® RS5000 series has been the shock of choice for light trucks and sport utility vehicles since 1985. Available for stock and lifted applications, RS5000 is ideal for on and off-road use, at an affordable price.

Product Features:

• Ten-stage velocity sensitive valving – Provides tuning specific for each vehicle
• 5/8-in. (16mm) diameter piston rod (select applications) – Adds strength and durability. Size varies by application.
• 1 3/8-in. (35mm) diameter piston (select applications) – Ensures performance in any environment
• Protective boot included – Protects the shock rod and oil seal

HYDRO H7000 series shocks are recommended for multiple shock applications and mild to moderate off road use. Skyjacker(R) hydro shocks: Skyjacker(R) suspensions offers you a high quality shock absorber with true velocity sensitive valving. Shock absorbers, or spring dampers as it is called everywhere else except in the U.S, control the rate at which suspension springs compress and rebound. As the shock is pushed together, this is called bump or compression. As the shock expands, this is called rebound or extension. Absorbing the shock of bumps and suspension loading is actually performed by the springs in the suspension. The shock real job is controlling the energy stored in the springs. The performance specific internal components of Skyjacker shocks respond to the on and off road conditions instantly. Whether you are going over rough or smooth terrain at slow or fast speeds, the true velocity sensitive valving produces a stable, controlled level of resistance for better handling, improved stability, and maximum comfort. The technological innovations of these durable, long lasting shocks from Skyjacker(R) deliver a noticeable advantage over the original equipment and other shock dampeners. Skyjacker shock absorbers deliver a safe, comfortable ride with improved handling and stability. They keep the tires in contact with the terrain and put you in control of the road ahead

Product Features:

• Hydraulic Action. Leak Proof Seal Prevents Hydraulic Fluid From Passing Around Piston Head For A Consistent And Reliable Ride
• Multi Stage Velocity Sensitive Valving
• Twin Tube Construction. DOM Tubing Reduces Internal Wear For Longer Product Life
• Bonded Iron Piston For Durability And Longer Shock Life
• Chromed Piston Rod Features Micro Polished Shaft For Improved Product Life And Performance
• Orifice Disk For Axle Control In Any Condition
• Red Polyurethane Bushings

Featuring a unique, exclusive valving system and advanced compression functionality, Rancho® RS5000®X shocks deliver improved overall on- and off-road handling and performance.

Product Features:

• IMPROVED HANDLING AND PERFORMANCE — Cross Tuned technology featuring exclusive rebound valving system and advanced compression phase improves overall handling and performance on and off road
• MINIMIZES ROUGH RIDE — Exclusive Progressive Engagement Valving is custom-tuned for each vehicle to help reduce initial impacts at low speeds and minimizes a rough ride
• STRONG AND DURABLE — Features a 16mm nitro-carburized piston rod to resist scuffs & corrosion, double-welded loops at stress areas, 35mm sintered iron piston for enhanced structural integrity and polyvinyl protective boot
• HANDLES EXTREME TEMPERATURE CHANGES — Large twin-tube body filled with all-weather fluid allows for cooler operation, increased vehicle control and ability to withstand internal temperatures of -40 to 248°F
• SMOOTH PERFORMANCE — Polyurethane rebound bumper and rubber bushings help absorb ride harshness while the fluon-banded piston enhances responsiveness to changing road conditions for an overall smoother ride
• REDUCES FADE — Nitrogen gas pressurized to 150 PSI to minimize air-to-oil mixture to reduce damping performance fade and foaming
• MAINTAINS VEHICLE CONTROL — Compression Control Valve is custom-tuned for each vehicle to regulate fluid transfer to absorb impacts without disc flutter and help maintain shock motion control
• BUILT TO LAST — Low-friction, self-lubricating seal retains gas and oil for quicker rebound and smoother compression while the application-specific piston delivers heightened control of shock motion due to the expanded piston area
• Rebound Bumper

Monroe® Gas-Matic truck shock absorber are gas charged and provide improved control at an economical price.

Product Features:

• Available for import and domestic light trucks and vans
• Gas-charged unit
• Improved handling and control
• Economical OE replacement
• Meets OE product specifications

The KYB Gas-a-just monotube truck shock absorber has additional performance advantages over the twin-tube design: It can instantly, automatically adjust to your performance needs and never experiences fade due to aeration. The Gas-a-Just is available as an OE monotube replacement and as an OE twin-tube performance upgrade. The KYB Gas-a-Just has two separate working chambers: An air-free hydraulic piston and valve area for responsiveness and control, and a second high-pressure nitrogen gas area with a floating piston that provides a comfortable ride during normal driving and adds instant performance on demand.

Product Features:

• Adds Up To 25% More Damping Performance Over Original Equipment Shocks
• Components And Valving Designed Specifically For Trucks
• Gas-A-Just Monotubes Include Additional Damping Over One Design For Vehicles That Work, Tow, And Have Larger, Heavier Tires & Wheels
• High Pressure Monotube Design Separates The Gas And Oil For Fade Free Operation And Instant Response
• Fluid Leaking Can Be A Cause Of Shock Failure, The KYB Gas-A-Just Has An Ultra-Smooth Triple Chrome Plated Chrome Piston Rod To Reduce Seal Wear
• The Higher Gas Pressure Of The KYB Gas-A-Just Responds Quickly To Improve Steering Response
• Electronic Safety Systems Depend On The Suspension, Brakes And Tires Operating As The Vehicle Manufacturer Intended. The KYB Gas-A-Just Helps Keep Electronic Safety Systems Performing As Designed.

Monroe® Gas-Matic truck shock absorber are gas charged and provide improved control at an economical price.

Product Features:

• Available for import and domestic light trucks and vans
• Gas-charged unit
• Improved handling and control
• Economical OE replacement
• Meets OE product specifications

The performance specific internal components of Skyjacker shocks respond to the on- and off-road conditions instantly. Whether you are going over rough or smooth terrain at slow or fast speeds, the true velocity sensitive valving produces a stable, controlled level of resistance for better handling, improved stability, and maximum comfort. The technological innovations of these durable, long lasting shocks from Skyjacker(R) deliver a noticeable advantage over the original equipment and other shock dampeners. Skyjacker shock absorbers deliver a safe, comfortable ride with improved handling and stability. They keep the tires in contact with the terrain and put you in control of the road ahead.

Product Features:

• Twin Tube Construction
• Advanced Foam-Cell Technology
• Vehicle Specific Multi-Stage Valving
• Increased Fluid Capacity For MAX Heat Dissipation
• 360 Degree Arc-Welded End Mount And 180 Degree Directional Mounting
• Chrome Plated Shaft And Sintered Iron Piston
• Comes With Black Boot

HYDRO H7000 series shocks are recommended for multiple shock applications and mild to moderate off-road use. Skyjacker(R) hydro shocks, Skyjacker(R) suspensions offers you a high quality shock absorber with true velocity sensitive valving. Shock absorbers, or spring dampers as it is called everywhere else except in the U.S, control the rate at which suspension springs compress and rebound. As the shock is pushed together, this is called bump or compression. As the shock expands, this is called rebound or extension. Absorbing the shock of bumps and suspension loading is actually performed by the springs in the suspension. The shock real job is controlling the energy stored in the springs. The performance specific internal components of Skyjacker shocks respond to the on- and off-road conditions instantly. Whether you are going over rough or smooth terrain at slow or fast speeds, the true velocity sensitive valving produces a stable, controlled level of resistance for better handling, improved stability, and maximum comfort. The technological innovations of these durable, long lasting shocks from Skyjacker(R) deliver a noticeable advantage over the original equipment and other shock dampeners. Skyjacker shock absorbers deliver a safe, comfortable ride with improved handling and stability. They keep the tires in contact with the terrain and put you in control of the road ahead

Product Features:

• Hydraulic Action. Leak Proof Seal Prevents Hydraulic Fluid From Passing Around Piston Head For A Consistent And Reliable Ride
• Multi Stage Velocity Sensitive Valving
• Twin Tube Construction. DOM Tubing Reduces Internal Wear For Longer Product Life
• Bonded Iron Piston For Durability And Longer Shock Life
• Chromed Piston Rod Features Micro Polished Shaft For Improved Product Life And Performance
• Orifice Disk For Axle Control In Any Condition
• Red Polyurethane Bushings

NITRO N8000 series shocks are recommended for full size vehicles and moderate to extreme off-road applications. Skyjacker(R) nitro shocks, Skyjacker(R) suspensions offers you a high quality shock absorber with true velocity sensitive valving. Shock absorbers, or spring dampers as it is called everywhere else except in the U.S, control the rate at which suspension springs compress and rebound. As the shock is pushed together, this is called bump or compression. As the shock expands, this is called rebound or extension. Absorbing the shock of bumps and suspension loading is actually performed by the springs in the suspension. The shock real job is controlling the energy stored in the springs. The performance specific internal components of Skyjacker shocks respond to the on- and off-road conditions instantly. Whether you are going over rough or smooth terrain at slow or fast speeds, the true velocity sensitive valving produces a stable, controlled level of resistance for better handling, improved stability, and maximum comfort. The technological innovations of these durable, long lasting shocks from Skyjacker(R) deliver a noticeable advantage over the original equipment and other shock dampeners. Skyjacker shock absorbers deliver a safe, comfortable ride with improved handling and stability. They keep the tires in contact with the terrain and put you in control of the road ahead

Product Features:

• 150 PSI Pressurized Nitrogen Gas
• Multi Stage Velocity Sensitive Valving
• Twin Tube Construction. DOM Tubing Reduces Internal Wear For Longer Product Life
• Bonded Iron Piston For Durability And Longer Shock Life
• Chromed Piston Rod Features Micro Polished Shaft For Improved Product Life And Performance
• Orifice Disk For Axle Control In Any Condition
• Red Polyurethane Bushings

Finish: Zinc Plated Bilstein B8 5125 shock absorbers are designed to be used on custom vehicles in order to achieve the desired ride. The high gas pressure monotube shocks are sold by lengths and damping rates rather than by application. These shock absorbers all come with 5/8in eyelets with hour glass bushings on both ends. The shocks feature a 46mm digressive piston with self-adjusting deflective disc valving.

Product Features:

• Monotube gas pressure construction
• Self-Adjusting Deflecting Disc Valving
• High-Flow Piston Reduces Harshness
• Independent Rebound and Compression Tuning
• Larger Working Piston Area for Exact Damping
• Superior Control for Large Diameter Tires
• Available by travel lengths for custom applications

Featuring a unique, exclusive valving system and advanced compression functionality, Rancho® RS5000®X shocks deliver improved overall on- and off-road handling and performance.

Product Features:

• IMPROVED HANDLING AND PERFORMANCE — Cross Tuned technology featuring exclusive rebound valving system and advanced compression phase improves overall handling and performance on and off road
• MINIMIZES ROUGH RIDE — Exclusive Progressive Engagement Valving is custom-tuned for each vehicle to help reduce initial impacts at low speeds and minimizes a rough ride
• STRONG AND DURABLE — Features a 16mm nitro-carburized piston rod to resist scuffs & corrosion, double-welded loops at stress areas, 35mm sintered iron piston for enhanced structural integrity and polyvinyl protective boot
• HANDLES EXTREME TEMPERATURE CHANGES — Large twin-tube body filled with all-weather fluid allows for cooler operation, increased vehicle control and ability to withstand internal temperatures of -40 to 248°F
• SMOOTH PERFORMANCE — Polyurethane rebound bumper and rubber bushings help absorb ride harshness while the fluon-banded piston enhances responsiveness to changing road conditions for an overall smoother ride
• REDUCES FADE — Nitrogen gas pressurized to 150 PSI to minimize air-to-oil mixture to reduce damping performance fade and foaming
• MAINTAINS VEHICLE CONTROL — Compression Control Valve is custom-tuned for each vehicle to regulate fluid transfer to absorb impacts without disc flutter and help maintain shock motion control
• BUILT TO LAST — Low-friction, self-lubricating seal retains gas and oil for quicker rebound and smoother compression while the application-specific piston delivers heightened control of shock motion due to the expanded piston area
• Rebound Bumper

Skyjacker new M95 Monotube Shock is the ultimate shock absorber for light trucks, Jeeps and SUVs. This single tube design helps operating temperatures stay cooler under extreme conditions. The high pressure nitrogen gas and floating piston technology combine to create the fastest responding shock ever

Product Features:

• Monotube Design. Fastest Responding Shock Ever
• Dirt Seal Protection For Oil Seal And Rod Bearing
• High Pressure Nitrogen Gas Charged
• Custom Tuned For Each Vehicle
• No Fade Or Lag For Consistent Performance
• 180 Degree Directional Mounting
• No Fade Or Lag For Consistent Performance

Application tuned for precision on-road and off-road handling, Rancho RS7MT monotube shocks are highly effective in the dissipation of heat, making them ideal for extreme off-road use and larger wheel and tire packages. RS7MT shocks feature an integrated

Product Features:

• PRECISE HANDLING AND PERFORMANCE — Deflective Disc Valving features digressive, linear or progressive turning based on application requirements for precision handling and performance on and off road
• STRONG AND DURABLE — Features a 14mm hardened chrome piston rod to resist scuffs & corrosion, double-welded loops at stress areas, double strength closure method and hot form reserve tube
• HANDLES EXTREME TEMPERATURE CHANGES — Large 2-in. monotube body filled with all-weather fluid allows for cooler operation, increased vehicle control and ability to withstand internal temperatures of -40 to 248°F
• REDUCES FADE — Full-floating dividing piston and high-pressure nitrogen gas maintains constant pressure against the hydraulic oil, reducing aeration and shock fade
• SMOOTH PERFORMANCE — Internal rebound bumper and shouldered rubber bushings help reduce noise, vibration and ride harshness while the PTFE-banded piston enhances responsiveness to changing road conditions for an overall smoother ride
• THE RIGHT FIT — Designed to fit right out of the box, application-specific mounting installs easily with no need for installing sleeves or extra hardware
• KEEPS DIRT AND DEBRIS OUT — Sealing system with integrated dirt wiper helps keep moisture, dirt and debris from being ingested into the shock and contaminating the oil and destroying the internal seal
• BUILT TO LAST — Large 46mm fluon-banded piston for consistent sealing between the piston and monotube for precise control, ride and handling, for extra protection black shock boot RS1952 and RS1961 are available for purchase
• BOLD APPEARANCE– Black satin finish with distinctive Rancho red logo for an eye-catching look that stands out

Gas-charged shock absorber that provides improved vehicle control for today’s light trucks, vans, full-size picks-ups and 4×4’s at an economical price.

Product Features:

• Available for import and domestic trucks, vans, full-size pick-ups and 4×4’s
• Gas-charged unit
• Improved handling and control
• Economical OE replacement
• Meets OE product specifications