1954 Buick Century Ignition Coils and Boots

CARQUEST premium engine management products provide the right products for a wide range of domestic and import applications. Delivering the highest performance and durability under demanding conditions.

Product Features:

• Premium quality materials for longer service life
• Designed to meet or exceed OE specifications in form, fit and function

Driveworks offers a line of aftermarket parts and accessories that are commercially acceptable and competitively priced, which provides professional technicians and DIYers with an affordable alternative for repairs.

Product Features:

• Direct-fit OE replacement ensures ease of installation
• Designed to meet OE performance
• As the leader in commercially acceptable parts, we provide professional technicians with the quality parts they need
• As the leader in commercially acceptable parts, we provide professional technicians with the quality parts they need

Delphi OE technology ignition products are validated to match the vehicles system; OE quality replacement parts for the right fit , form and function; Delphi coils provide OE performance, durability and electromagnetic capacity level requirements.

Product Features:

• Delphi coils provide OE performance, durability and electromagnetic capacity level requirements
• Delphi ignition coils are designed to operate as part of an integral engine management system to insert power into spark plugs and ensure fast starts; consistent engine performance and optimized fuel efficiency
• Delphi uses winding process techniques to control the length of wire between adjacent windings; that’s important since more length means greater voltage differences and can create more pressure that could break down the insulation and wire coating
• We back our ignition coil design with proven materials, such as high quality wires and wire coating that resists the cracks, pin holes and imperfections that most often lead to failure issues

Every single Delphi ignition coil is designed and endurance tested using high quality materials. This ensures fast starts, consistent engine performance and optimized fuel efficiency. We makes more than 10 million ignition coils for North America each year, and each one is engineered to OE design specifications for vehicles from Ford, Toyota, Nissan, Lexus, GM, Mazda, Chrysler, Subaru, Acura and more.

Product Features:

• Delphi coils provide OE performance, durability and electromagnetic capacity level requirements
• Delphi ignition coils are designed to insert power into spark plugs to ensure fast starts, consistent engine performance and optimized fuel efficiency
• Delphi uses smart winding process techniques to controls wire lengths, keeping voltage the same
• We manufacture our ignition coils with a high quality wire coating that resists imperfections that lead to failure

These new coils mount directly in place of the factory coils and accept the factory connectors. Spark energy is increased thanks to improved materials and windings that were spec’d by MSD engineering.

Product Features:

• Replacement Coil For GM Dual Connector Coil
• Improved Turns Ratio
• Lower Primary Resistance
• Bolt-In replacement coil
• Produce More Output Voltage
• Smooth Idle

NGK ignition coils are manufactured to meet or exceed OE standards for the highest durability and operational performance, so they can be installed with confidence. NGK and their family of automotive products have over 80 year’s experience and are driven by extreme dedication to innovation, performance and quality. Developed and rigorously tested in our ISO 17025 accredited test lab under the most extreme conditions, NGK’s coil designs will outperform all others – far beyond operational environments a vehicle would actually experience

Product Features:

• OE QUALITY: Vacuum-sealed premium epoxy resin and thermoplastic coil housings provide superior dielectric strength, voltage insulation and durability
• OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE: Precision coil windings and laminations maximize outputs, custom NGK ASIC chipset optimizes efficiency, prevents component damage
• EASE OF INSTALLATION: Includes mounting hardware and necessary components required for certain applications to ensure worry-free installation
• THE NGK DIFFERENCE: Featuring superior materials and design enhancements.
• EXTENSIVE TESTING: NGK ignition coils must pass extreme testing during manufacturing to ensure the highest quality and durability standards are met
• PRODUCT ENGINEERING: Advanced flow and stress modeling systems preemptively identify and avoid common failure points found in OE and competitor coils

Carquest ignition coils meet original equipment (OE) fit, form and function and are built to ensure reliable starting and performance. Carquest ignition coils are tested to ensure proper spark and perfect fit for each application. These ignition coils are an affordable repair choice to restore the vehicle’s ignition system performance.

Product Features:

• Computer-Aided Design (CAD), laser scanning and 3D printing – utilizing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Stereolithography (SLA) – in the part design process ensures speed-to-market and a precise fit guaranteed.
• 100% pure copper precision-wound windings increase coil life and ensure reliability and maximum coil output when needed.
• Highly conductive aluminum alloy secondary terminal guarantees secondary coil terminals will not oxidize (rust), will provide excellent conductivity, extended coil life and will not cause excessive stress on the primary control circuit.
• 100% thermo-shock and vibration tested to ensure superior performance in extreme conditions.
• 100% end-of-line tested to ensure confidence and product reliability, every time.

We use the finest materials and improve on OE specifications whenever possible. The result is maximum performance and longevity.

Product Features:

• Manufactured using high-quality materials to provide superior durability and long service life
• Designed and engineered to ensure precise performance
• Ignition coils have solid brass high voltage terminals. The benefit is better connections and greater corrosion resistance.

Carquest Premium ignition coils meet or exceed original equipment (OE) specifications and are developed by top OE/OES manufacturers to ensure superior performance. All of our Carquest Premium ignition coils are developed by IATF 16949 certified manufacturers for consistent durability and long-lasting performance. These ignition coils use high-quality components and will utilize optimized designs on applications where the OE ignition coil had frequent failures. We require stringent testing standards to ensure proper fit and performance for each application and stand behind our Carquest Premium ignition coils with an industry-leading warranty. Carquest Premium ignition coils are part of our Carquest Vehicle Solutions, which is a full line of engine management and electronics products that help control ignition, fuel delivery and emission systems. Carquest Vehicle Solutions are OE-quality parts designed, engineered and tested by world-class manufacturers to ensure a reliable and long-lasting repair.

Product Features:

• Built by IATF 16949 certified manufacturers for consistent durability
• Coil drivers match OE for current limit, electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection and multi-spark
• Segmented secondary bobbins to distribute high voltage and prevent shorting
• Extensive design validation testing to ensure long-lasting reliability
• 100% end-of-line tested to ensure proper performance
• Carquest Vehicle Solutions Technical Support available from ASE certified technicians: 1-866-687-5413

Driveworks® offers a line of aftermarket parts and accessories that are commercially acceptable and competitively priced, which provides professional technicians and DIYers with an affordable alternative for repairs.

Product Features:

• Direct-fit OE replacement ensures ease of installation
• Designed to meet OE performance
• As the leader in commercially acceptable parts, we provide professional technicians with the quality parts they need
• As the leader in commercially acceptable parts, we provide professional technicians with the quality parts they need

HEI owners now have a choice to replace their stock coil with the MSD high energy unitized coil for GM HEI distributors. This coil is a direct replacement of the stock coil and offers increased spark energy when used with the MSD HEI module, PN 83645. The coil features special low induc?tance, high temperature windings which charge faster to give you increased spark energy at higher rpm. The premium epoxy filled construction is designed to withstand harsh race applications as well as the wear and tear that daily usage dishes out, and still deliver more spark energy to the spark plugs.

Product Features:

• Direct performance replacement for GM HEI coil-in-cap dist.
• 70:1 Turns Ratio
• Lower Primary Resistance Produces High Voltage Output
• Full Power Sparks To 9000 Rpm w/PN[83647] MSD HEI Module

Engineered for higher energy output resulting in quicker starting, improved idle quality, crisper throttle response and more high RPM power. Compatible with both original HEI ignition systems and later model computer controlled HEI systems. No need to remove or re-time distributor. Complete with simplified ground strap, mounting screws, silicone coil gasket and carbon contact brush / spring.

Product Features:

• 10-15% More Energy
• Direct Plug In Replacement Direct OE Fit
• Advanced Bobbin Technology
• Highly Specialized Silicone Magnetic Steel Cores
• Similar to Standard Motor Products SMP Dr-32
• Long Life And Great Looks

BWD SELECT® replacement parts are designed, specified and manufactured with one goal in mind – to make them the very best. We use the finest materials and improve on OE specifications whenever possible. The result is maximum performance and longevity.

Product Features:

• Manufactured using high-quality materials to provide superior durability and long service life
• Designed and engineered to ensure precise performance
• The BWD SELECT® HEI/DIS ignition coils have solid brass high voltage terminals. The benefit is better connections and greater corrosion resistance.
• BWD is a global manufacturer of original equipment ignition products, complete quality control is maintained through the manufacturing process from componentry to finished product

An ACDelco Professional, premium aftermarket Ignition Coil is a high quality replacement for many vehicles on the road today. It increases electrical system voltage to help ignite the air/fuel mixture as the starting and charging system starts the engine, maintains the battery’s charge, and provides power to the electrical accessories while the engine is running. An ACDelco Professional Ignition Coil uses pure copper windings to improve durability and provides higher resistance to internal shorts and dielectric breakdown. Because the number and shape of the laminations determine the output characteristics of an ignition coil, ACDelco ensures that the silicone steel plates surrounding the ignition coil correctly match the original part size and number. Since steel laminations work best when they are new, shiny, and clean, ACDelco laminations are coated to hinder corrosion and many feature molded plastic protection to help ensure that nothing is exposed. This premium aftermarket replacement ignition coil is manufactured to meet your expectations for fit, form, and function.

Product Features:

• High quality coated windings to improve durability and provide protection against internal shorts and dielectric breakdown
• Silicone steel plates surrounding the ignition coil correctly match the original part size and number exactly
• Laminations are coated to hinder corrosion and many feature molded plastic protection to help ensure that nothing is exposed
• Professional, premium aftermarket replacement
• Provides the performance and dependability you expect from ACDelco
• Manufactured to meet expectations for fit, form, and function

Carquest Premium ignition coils meet or exceed original equipment (OE) specifications and are developed by top OE/OES manufacturers to ensure superior performance. All of our Carquest Premium ignition coils are developed by IATF 16949 certified manufacturers for consistent durability and long-lasting performance. These ignition coils use high-quality components and will utilize optimized designs on applications where the OE ignition coil had frequent failures. We require stringent testing standards to ensure proper fit and performance for each application and stand behind our Carquest Premium ignition coils with an industry-leading warranty. Carquest Premium ignition coils are part of our Carquest Vehicle Solutions, which is a full line of engine management and electronics products that help control ignition, fuel delivery and emission systems. Carquest Vehicle Solutions are OE-quality parts designed, engineered and tested by world-class manufacturers to ensure a reliable and long-lasting repair.

Product Features:

• Built by IATF 16949 certified manufacturers for consistent durability
• Coil drivers match OE for current limit, electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection and multi-spark
• Segmented secondary bobbins to distribute high voltage and prevent shorting
• Extensive design validation testing to ensure long-lasting reliability
• 100% end-of-line tested to ensure proper performance
• Carquest Vehicle Solutions Technical Support available from ASE certified technicians: 1-866-687-5413

Carquest Premium ignition coil sets meet or exceed original equipment (OE) specifications and are developed by top OE/OES manufacturers to ensure superior performance. All of our Carquest Premium ignition coil sets are developed by IATF 16949 certified manufacturers for consistent durability and long-lasting performance. These ignition coils use high-quality components and will utilize optimized designs on applications where the OE ignition coil had frequent failures. We require stringent testing standards to ensure proper fit and performance for each application and stand behind our Carquest Premium ignition coil sets with an industry-leading warranty. Carquest Premium ignition coil sets are part of our Carquest Vehicle Solutions, which is a full line of engine management and electronics products that help control ignition, fuel delivery and emission systems. Carquest Vehicle Solutions are OE-quality parts designed, engineered and tested by world-class manufacturers to ensure a reliable and long-lasting repair.

Product Features:

• Built by IATF 16949 certified manufacturers for consistent durability
• Coil drivers match OE for current limit, electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection and multi-spark
• Segmented secondary bobbins to distribute high voltage and prevent shorting
• Extensive design validation testing to ensure long-lasting reliability
• 100% end-of-line tested to ensure proper performance
• Carquest Vehicle Solutions Technical Support available from ASE certified technicians: 1-866-687-5413

Carquest Ignition Coils ensure fast starts, consistent engine performance and optimized fuel efficiency at an affordable cost.

Product Features:

• High output
• Long spark duration
• High dielectric strength
• Corrosion resistant connections
• High reliability
• Long service life

An ACDelco Professional, premium aftermarket Ignition Coil is a high quality replacement for many vehicles on the road today. It increases electrical system voltage to help ignite the air/fuel mixture as the starting and charging system starts the engine, maintains the battery’s charge, and provides power to the electrical accessories while the engine is running. An ACDelco Professional Ignition Coil uses pure copper windings to improve durability and provides higher resistance to internal shorts and dielectric breakdown. Because the number and shape of the laminations determine the output characteristics of an ignition coil, ACDelco ensures that the silicone steel plates surrounding the ignition coil correctly match the original part size and number. Since steel laminations work best when they are new, shiny, and clean, ACDelco laminations are coated to hinder corrosion and many feature molded plastic protection to help ensure that nothing is exposed. This premium aftermarket replacement ignition coil is manufactured to meet your expectations for fit, form, and function.

Product Features:

• High quality coated windings to improve durability and provide protection against internal shorts and dielectric breakdown
• Silicone steel plates surrounding the ignition coil correctly match the original part size and number exactly
• Laminations are coated to hinder corrosion and many feature molded plastic protection to help ensure that nothing is exposed
• Professional, premium aftermarket replacement
• Provides the performance and dependability you expect from ACDelco
• Manufactured to meet expectations for fit, form, and function

Carquest Premium ignition coils meet or exceed original equipment (OE) specifications and are developed by top OE/OES manufacturers to ensure superior performance. All of our Carquest Premium ignition coils are developed by IATF 16949 certified manufacturers for consistent durability and long-lasting performance. These ignition coils use high-quality components and will utilize optimized designs on applications where the OE ignition coil had frequent failures. We require stringent testing standards to ensure proper fit and performance for each application and stand behind our Carquest Premium ignition coils with an industry-leading warranty. Carquest Premium ignition coils are part of our Carquest Vehicle Solutions, which is a full line of engine management and electronics products that help control ignition, fuel delivery and emission systems. Carquest Vehicle Solutions are OE-quality parts designed, engineered and tested by world-class manufacturers to ensure a reliable and long-lasting repair.

Product Features:

• Computer-Aided Design (CAD), laser scanning and 3D printing – utilizing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Stereolithography (SLA) – in the part design process ensures speed-to-market and a precise fit guaranteed.
• 100% pure copper precision-wound windings increase coil life and ensure reliability and maximum coil output when needed.
• Highly conductive aluminum alloy secondary terminal guarantees secondary coil terminals will not oxidize (rust), will provide excellent conductivity, extended coil life and will not cause excessive stress on the primary control circuit.
• 100% thermo-shock and vibration tested to ensure superior performance in extreme conditions.
• 100% end-of-line tested to ensure confidence and product reliability, every time.

Carquest Premium ignition coils meet or exceed original equipment (OE) specifications and are developed by top OE/OES manufacturers to ensure superior performance. All of our Carquest Premium ignition coils are developed by IATF 16949 certified manufacturers for consistent durability and long-lasting performance. These ignition coils use high-quality components and will utilize optimized designs on applications where the OE ignition coil had frequent failures. We require stringent testing standards to ensure proper fit and performance for each application and stand behind our Carquest Premium ignition coils with an industry-leading warranty. Carquest Premium ignition coils are part of our Carquest Vehicle Solutions, which is a full line of engine management and electronics products that help control ignition, fuel delivery and emission systems. Carquest Vehicle Solutions are OE-quality parts designed, engineered and tested by world-class manufacturers to ensure a reliable and long-lasting repair.

Product Features:

• Computer-Aided Design (CAD), laser scanning and 3D printing – utilizing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Stereolithography (SLA) – in the part design process ensures speed-to-market and a precise fit guaranteed.
• 100% pure copper precision-wound windings increase coil life and ensure reliability and maximum coil output when needed.
• Highly conductive aluminum alloy secondary terminal guarantees secondary coil terminals will not oxidize (rust), will provide excellent conductivity, extended coil life and will not cause excessive stress on the primary control circuit.
• 100% thermo-shock and vibration tested to ensure superior performance in extreme conditions.
• 100% end-of-line tested to ensure confidence and product reliability, every time.

Delphi ignition coils feature precise spark timing response for increased fuel economy and faster crank-to-run. The ignition coils provide accurate electrical energy to create a voltage potential at the spark plug, providing for superior engine performance that adjusts to driving and environment conditions. Plus, like all Delphi ignition system components, they enable engine management systems to maintain tighter control over emissions, economy and performance.

Product Features:

• Improved dwell accuracy decreases module and coil temperatures for greater reliability
• Noise abatement material between laminations reduces audible coil noise
• Cassettes have improved primary connector for greater ease of assembly compared to designs with one connector for each coil
• Lower primary inductance provides high-speed performance
• Early and precise electronic spark timing helps improve fuel economy and provides faster crank-to-run
• Higher energy delivered to combustible mixture provides cleaner combustion to help manufacturers meet on-board diagnostics (OBD II) requirements
• Direct connection to spark plugs (via small boot) eliminates spark plug wires
• Composite iron coils provide programmable energy
• Coil per cylinder dwell overlap electronics deliver better high speed performance and better heat dissipation compared to some conventional technologies
• Coil per cylinder ramp and fire electronics decrease power dissipation and increase efficiency
• Radio frequency interference (RFI) suppressor optional

Carquest Premium ignition coils meet or exceed original equipment (OE) specifications and are developed by top OE/OES manufacturers to ensure superior performance. All of our Carquest Premium ignition coils are developed by IATF 16949 certified manufacturers for consistent durability and long-lasting performance. These ignition coils use high-quality components and will utilize optimized designs on applications where the OE ignition coil had frequent failures. We require stringent testing standards to ensure proper fit and performance for each application and stand behind our Carquest Premium ignition coils with an industry-leading warranty. Carquest Premium ignition coils are part of our Carquest Vehicle Solutions, which is a full line of engine management and electronics products that help control ignition, fuel delivery and emission systems. Carquest Vehicle Solutions are OE-quality parts designed, engineered and tested by world-class manufacturers to ensure a reliable and long-lasting repair.

Product Features:

• Computer-Aided Design (CAD), laser scanning and 3D printing – utilizing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Stereolithography (SLA) – in the part design process ensures speed-to-market and a precise fit guaranteed.
• 100% pure copper precision-wound windings increase coil life and ensure reliability and maximum coil output when needed.
• Highly conductive aluminum alloy secondary terminal guarantees secondary coil terminals will not oxidize (rust), will provide excellent conductivity, extended coil life and will not cause excessive stress on the primary control circuit.
• 100% thermo-shock and vibration tested to ensure superior performance in extreme conditions.
• 100% end-of-line tested to ensure confidence and product reliability, every time.

Carquest ignition coils meet original equipment (OE) fit, form and function and are built to ensure reliable starting and performance. Carquest ignition coils are tested to ensure proper spark and perfect fit for each application. These ignition coils are an affordable repair choice to restore the vehicle¿s ignition system performance. Carquest ignition coils are part of our Carquest Vehicle Solutions, which is a full line of engine management and electronics products that help control ignition, fuel delivery and emission systems. Carquest Vehicle Solutions are OE-quality parts designed, engineered and tested by world-class manufacturers to ensure a reliable and long-lasting repair.

Product Features:

• Long service life and durable performance
• High dielectric strength for reliability
• Corrosion-resistant connections
• Carquest Vehicle Solutions Technical Support available from ASE certified technicians: 1-866-687-5413
• High reliability
• Long service life

Every single Delphi ignition coil is designed and endurance tested using high quality materials. This ensures fast starts, consistent engine performance and optimized fuel efficiency. We makes more than 10 million ignition coils for North America each year, and each one is engineered to OE design specifications for vehicles from Ford, Toyota, Nissan, Lexus, GM, Mazda, Chrysler, Subaru, Acura and more.

Product Features:

• Delphi coils provide OE performance, durability and electromagnetic capacity level requirements
• Delphi ignition coils are designed to insert power into spark plugs to ensure fast starts, consistent engine performance and optimized fuel efficiency
• Delphi uses smart winding process techniques to controls wire lengths, keeping voltage the same
• We manufacture our ignition coils with a high quality wire coating that resists imperfections that lead to failure

An ACDelco GM Original Equipment Ignition Coil is a GM-recommended replacement for your vehicle’s original component, and undergoes more stringent testing than aftermarket products. It increases electrical system voltage to help ignite the air/fuel mixture as the starting and charging system starts the engine, maintains the battery’s charge, and provides power to the electrical accessories while the engine is running. An ACDelco GM OE Ignition Coil uses pure copper windings to improve durability and provide higher resistance to internal shorts and dielectric breakdown. Because the number and shape of the laminations determine the output characteristics of an ignition coil, ACDelco ensures that the silicone steel plates surrounding the coil correctly match the original part size and number. Since steel laminations work best when they are new, shiny, and clean, ACDelco laminations are coated to hinder corrosion and many feature molded plastic protection to help ensure that nothing is exposed. This original equipment ignition coil has been manufactured to fit your GM vehicle, providing the same performance, durability, and service life you expect from General Motors.

Product Features:

• High quality coated windings to improve durability and provide protection against internal shorts and dielectric breakdown
• Silicone steel plates surrounding the ignition coil correctly match the original part size and number exactly
• Laminations are coated to hinder corrosion and many feature molded plastic protection to help ensure that nothing is exposed
• GM-recommended replacement part for your GM vehicle’s original factory component
• Offering the quality, reliability, and durability of GM OE
• Manufactured to GM OE specification for fit, form, and function

Carquest Premium ignition coils meet or exceed original equipment (OE) specifications and are developed by top OE/OES manufacturers to ensure superior performance. All of our Carquest Premium ignition coils are developed by IATF 16949 certified manufacturers for consistent durability and long-lasting performance. These ignition coils use high-quality components and will utilize optimized designs on applications where the OE ignition coil had frequent failures. We require stringent testing standards to ensure proper fit and performance for each application and stand behind our Carquest Premium ignition coils with an industry-leading warranty. Carquest Premium ignition coils are part of our Carquest Vehicle Solutions, which is a full line of engine management and electronics products that help control ignition, fuel delivery and emission systems. Carquest Vehicle Solutions are OE-quality parts designed, engineered and tested by world-class manufacturers to ensure a reliable and long-lasting repair.

Product Features:

• Computer-Aided Design (CAD), laser scanning and 3D printing – utilizing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Stereolithography (SLA) – in the part design process ensures speed-to-market and a precise fit guaranteed.
• 100% pure copper precision-wound windings increase coil life and ensure reliability and maximum coil output when needed.
• Highly conductive aluminum alloy secondary terminal guarantees secondary coil terminals will not oxidize (rust), will provide excellent conductivity, extended coil life and will not cause excessive stress on the primary control circuit.
• 100% thermo-shock and vibration tested to ensure superior performance in extreme conditions.
• 100% end-of-line tested to ensure confidence and product reliability, every time.

Carquest Premium ignition coils meet or exceed original equipment (OE) specifications and are developed by top OE/OES manufacturers to ensure superior performance. All of our Carquest Premium ignition coils are developed by IATF 16949 certified manufacturers for consistent durability and long-lasting performance. These ignition coils use high-quality components and will utilize optimized designs on applications where the OE ignition coil had frequent failures. We require stringent testing standards to ensure proper fit and performance for each application and stand behind our Carquest Premium ignition coils with an industry-leading warranty. Carquest Premium ignition coils are part of our Carquest Vehicle Solutions, which is a full line of engine management and electronics products that help control ignition, fuel delivery and emission systems. Carquest Vehicle Solutions are OE-quality parts designed, engineered and tested by world-class manufacturers to ensure a reliable and long-lasting repair.

Product Features:

• Computer-Aided Design (CAD), laser scanning and 3D printing – utilizing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Stereolithography (SLA) – in the part design process ensures speed-to-market and a precise fit guaranteed.
• 100% pure copper precision-wound windings increase coil life and ensure reliability and maximum coil output when needed.
• Highly conductive aluminum alloy secondary terminal guarantees secondary coil terminals will not oxidize (rust), will provide excellent conductivity, extended coil life and will not cause excessive stress on the primary control circuit.
• 100% thermo-shock and vibration tested to ensure superior performance in extreme conditions.
• 100% end-of-line tested to ensure confidence and product reliability, every time.

Driveworks® offers a line of aftermarket parts and accessories that are commercially acceptable and competitively priced, which provides professional technicians and DIYers with an affordable alternative for repairs.

Product Features:

• Direct-fit OE replacement ensures ease of installation
• Designed to meet OE performance
• As the leader in commercially acceptable parts, we provide professional technicians with the quality parts they need
• As the leader in commercially acceptable parts, we provide professional technicians with the quality parts they need