GMC C35/C3500 Pickup Spark Plugs

This spark plug non fouler is designed for easy installation on specified vehicles to protect spark plugs from fouling and damage. It is engineered for durability and reliable performance.

Product Features:

• Direct replacement – this spark plug non fouler is designed for easy installation to protect spark plugs from fouling and damage on specified vehicles
• Ideal solution – this non-fouler preserves spark plug life and is a reliable replacement for an original non-fouler that has failed due to corrosion
• Durable construction – made from quality components to ensure reliable performance and a long service life
• Trustworthy quality – backed by team of product experts in the United States and more than a century of automotive experience

The traditional ACCEL combination of yellow wire and red spark plug boots has been added to these SuperStock Spiral Core 5000 Series wire sets, which feature color-matched wire and spark plug boots in blue, black, and red. With only 500 ohms/ft. of resistance, more ignition energy can reach the spark plug, producing a longer-lasting, hotter spark flame kernel. The results is higher performance through improved efficiency, quicker throttle response, and reduced emissions. This 8mm wire’s double silicone construction is rated to 550 degrees F. The high-gloss wire jacket resists moisture, chemicals, and heat extremes for longer life and great looks. The fiberglass braid adds greater pull strength and terminal retention, while the stainless steel spark plug terminals provide excellent long life, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance. Both universal and custom-fit applications are available for early and late model cars and trucks.

Product Features:

• 500 Ohms/ft Of Resistance
• 550 F Rated Silicone Jacket
• Stainless Steel Plug Terminals
• High RFI Suppression For Street And Strip Use
• Universal And Import Coverage
• High-strength Fiberglass Braid Construction
• Pre And Post HEI Vehicles
• 8mm High Gloss Silicone Jacket

ACCEL’s SuperStock 4000 series spark plug wire sets are designed to upgrade an OE ignition system for high-spark delivery levels for street driven applications. The 450 degree F rated silicone jacket is extruded over a tightly woven, rugged fiberglass braid. The braid is applied over high dielectric strength EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) inner insulation for ignition wire performance that exceeds SAE specifications.

Product Features:

• 7mm And 8mm High Gloss Silicone Jacket
• 450 F Rated Silicone Jacket
• Stainless Steel Plug Terminals
• RFI Suppression For Street Driven Applications
• Custom-fit Universal And Import Coverage
• High-strength Fiberglass Braid Construction
• Pre And Post HEI Vehicles

ACCEL’s SuperStock 4000 series spark plug wire sets are designed to upgrade an OE ignition system for high-spark delivery levels for street driven applications. The 450 degree F rated silicone jacket is extruded over a tightly woven, rugged fiberglass braid. The braid is applied over high dielectric strength EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) inner insulation for ignition wire performance that exceeds SAE specifications.

Product Features:

• 7mm And 8mm High Gloss Silicone Jacket
• 450 F Rated Silicone Jacket
• Stainless Steel Plug Terminals
• RFI Suppression For Street Driven Applications
• Custom-fit Universal And Import Coverage
• High-strength Fiberglass Braid Construction
• Pre And Post HEI Vehicles

Performance upgrade for 7mm OE applications, silicone jacket with fiberglass braid EPDM insulation, tinned copper core, rated at 450 degrees Fahrenheit. Includes 8 blue extra-long wires, coil lead, silicone boots, zinc-plated steel terminals. Requires terminal and boot installation on distributor end.

Product Features:

• Silicone Spark Plug Boots
• 90 Degree Spark Plug Boot Angle
• 450 Degree Wire Temperature Rating
• Meets Or Exceeds OE Boot Temperature Rating

Set includes terminals for engines with early type (socket) and late type (HEI spark plug top) distributor caps. 90? boots and terminals factory installed on one end.

Product Features:

• Extra Long 8.5mm Wires So You Can Cut To Your Designed Length
• Incl. both socket-style and spark plug-style boots and terminals
• Includes Mini-Stripper-Crimper For Factory Style Crimps
• Includes: Wires/90 Degree Socket And Plug Style Boots/Terminals
• Durable outer sleeve is a proprietary compound for resistance to high heat or abrasion
• Stainless steel terminals feature dual crimp tabs to grip wire conductor and outer jacket separately

Champion Platinum Power spark plugs are engineered to deliver exceptional performance and durability, making them an ideal choice for maintaining peak engine efficiency. Featuring a platinum center electrode, these spark plugs ensure long-lasting reliability and consistent performance. The fine-wire center electrode enhances ignitability, while the V-trimmed ground electrode sharpens spark focus for optimal combustion. Constructed with exclusive Heat-Active alloy, the electrodes quickly reach and maintain the ideal operating temperature, ensuring smooth engine operation under various conditions. The platinum-tipped center wire resists wear and helps maintain the proper gap specification throughout the plug’s lifespan. Designed as a standard replacement with a flat seat type and integrated resistor, these spark plugs are a perfect OE replacement for a wide range of engines. With a nickel ground electrode tip and a focus on precision, these spark plugs provide powerful performance and long-term value for your vehicle.

Product Features:

• Platinum Power- Premium Spark Plug. Powerful Performance.
• Platinum center electrode for long life
• Fine-wire center electrode for greater ignitability
• V-trimmed ground electrode promotes sharper spark focus
• Heat-Active alloy allows electrodes to reach optimal temperature
• Platinum tipped center wire resists wear and helps to maintain proper gap spec over life of the plug
• Integrated Resistor and Flat Seat Type: Equipped with an integrated resistor and flat seat type, making it an ideal OE replacement for various engines.

Platinum Spark Plug: Enhanced Durability & Improved Performance is crafted with a platinum center electrode firing tip that ensures quicker firing, smoother starts, and better acceleration while boosting fuel efficiency. Engineered with a platinum firing tip to prevent gap erosion, it offers a longer service life, making it ideal for older engine applications. The high alumina ceramic insulator enhances thermal conductivity and insulation, providing superior strength, while the multi-rib design prevents flash-over for reliable performance. Its nickel-plated shell resists corrosion, ensuring extended durability even in demanding conditions. Featuring a mid-projection standard center electrode design and a flat seat type, this performance-grade spark plug is backed by over 100 years of engineering expertise and a legacy of more than 11 billion plugs sold. Designed in the USA, it combines advanced materials like platinum and nickel to deliver consistent reliability and value for your vehicle.

Product Features:

• Engineered with a platinum firing tip that prevents gap erosion for longer service life.
• Its high alumina ceramic insulator provides thermal conductivity and superior insulation for increased strength.
• The multi-rib insulator prevents flash-over.
• Designed with a nickel-plated shell that is corrosion resistant to provide increased durability for extended life.
• Engineered in the USA: Backed by over 100 years of engineering expertise and a legacy of more than 11 billion plugs sold.

Autolite Copper spark plugs are designed to provide reliable performance and long-lasting durability for your vehicle. Featuring a copper core center electrode, these plugs excel in thermal control and resist fouling, ensuring consistent operation. The high nickel alloy center and ground electrodes enhance longevity, while the high alumina multi-rib ceramic insulator boosts thermal conductivity and insulation strength. A nickel-plated shell offers superior corrosion resistance, making these plugs a durable choice for extended use. Engineered for optimal fuel combustion, they contribute to improved fuel efficiency, helping you save at the pump. Additionally, their advanced design ensures smoother and more responsive acceleration, enhancing your driving experience. With a standard center electrode design, short projection, and flat seat type, these spark plugs are built to meet regular-grade requirements while delivering exceptional performance.

Product Features:

• The copper core center electrode aids in thermal control and improves resistance to fouling.
• Its specially engineered high nickel alloy center and ground electrode provides extended life.
• The high alumina multi-rib ceramic insulator provides thermal conductivity and superior insulation for increased strength.
• Designed with a nickel-plated shell that is corrosion resistant to provide increased durability for extended periods.
• Good Fuel Economy: Designed to optimize fuel combustion, these spark plugs help improve your vehicle’s fuel efficiency, saving you money at the pump.
• Smooth Acceleration: Experience smoother and more responsive acceleration with the advanced engineering of Autolite Copper Spark Plugs.
• Smooth Acceleration: Experience smoother and more responsive acceleration with the advanced engineering of Autolite Copper Spark Plugs.

The Platinum Spark Plug is engineered for exceptional performance and durability, making it ideal for older engine applications. Featuring a platinum center electrode firing tip, it ensures quicker firing, smoother starts, better acceleration, and improved fuel efficiency. Its high alumina ceramic insulator enhances thermal conductivity and insulation, providing increased strength and reliability. The multi-rib insulator design prevents flash-over, while the nickel-plated shell resists corrosion for extended service life. With a mid-projection standard center electrode and a tapered seat type, this performance-grade spark plug delivers consistent results. The platinum tip prevents gap erosion, ensuring a longer lifespan, while the nickel ground electrode adds to its durability. Designed to meet the demands of performance enthusiasts, this spark plug is a reliable choice for maintaining engine efficiency and longevity.

Product Features:

• Engineered with a platinum firing tip that prevents gap erosion for longer service life.
• Its high alumina ceramic insulator provides thermal conductivity and superior insulation for increased strength.
• The multi-rib insulator prevents flash-over.
• Designed with a nickel-plated shell that is corrosion resistant to provide increased durability for extended life.
• The mid-projection center electrode design ensures consistent performance and optimized combustion for improved engine efficiency.

ACCEL’s patented race proven spark plugs in a Shorty configuration. The overall length has been reduced 3/16 in to 3/8 in (depending on the specific spark plug) to gain critical air gap between the spark plug boot and the exhaust manifold or header tube. This helps eliminate burning the spark plug boot or dimpling the header tube. The shorter spark plug length also can make it easier to install an remove the spark plugs in certain applications where there is not a lot of room to fit a socket or move a wrench around. ACCEL Shorty Spark Plugs are made with a Copper core which is a better conductor than Platinum and Iridium. They deliver a stronger spark especially in high performance applications where high combustion pressures are present. Copper is much better at dissipating heat than other materials which lessens the chance of a misfire. ACCEL Shorty Spark Plugs are capable allowing you to open the gap exposing a larger flame kernel or close it if needed for high boost applications. All ACCEL Shorty Spark Plugs have machine rolled threads allowing for a more precise thread engagement and torque retention.

Product Features:

• Shorty Spark Plugs For Tubular Exhaust Headers
• Eliminates Dimpling Headers For Added Clearance
• Improves Spark Plug Access To Fit Socket Or Wrench
• Shorter Overall Plug Length Vs. OE Style Plug
• Copper Core Center Electrode
• Projected Tip
• Helps Eliminate Burned Spark Plug Boots
• Shorty Header Spark Plug

ACDelco Professional Conventional Spark Plugs are designed for reliability and efficient performance, and are a high quality replacement for many vehicles on the road today. Their high-quality copper cores and outstanding suppression characteristics deliver reliable performance. They are also available for Marine applications. These premium aftermarket replacement spark plugs are manufactured to meet your expectations for fit, form, and function.

Product Features:

• Black Onyx coating helps reduce corrosion
• Copper core provides great heat transfer and helps maximize plug durability
• Ribbed suppressor seal extends resistance and helps prevent spark ‘flash over’ and misfires
• Nickel-chrome alloy sheathing helps prevent corrosion on center electrode
• Available for use in Marine applications
• Some ACDelco Gold parts may have formerly appeared as ACDelco Professional
• Premium aftermarket replacement part
• Manufactured to meet specifications for fit, form, and function for General Motors vehicles as well as most makes and models

The Copper Plus spark plug is engineered for dependable performance and durability, making it an ideal OE-type replacement. Featuring a copper core center electrode, it ensures precise heat control and enhanced conductivity, promoting longer life and consistent wear. Its nickel-tipped center and ground electrodes resist fouling and provide superior corrosion resistance, ensuring reliable ignition under various conditions. Built to ISO and SAE Standards, this spark plug delivers proven performance and compatibility with standard replacement needs. The flat seat design and integrated resistor further enhance its functionality, making it a trusted choice for maintaining engine efficiency and reliability.

Product Features:

• Resists fouling
• Superior corrosion resistance
• Dependable and proven performance
• Increased conductivity and heat control for good overall wear

Copper Plus spark plug delivers reliable performance and durability, making it an ideal choice for small engines. Featuring a copper core center electrode, it ensures precise heat control and enhanced conductivity, promoting longer life and consistent wear. Built to ISO and SAE Standards, this OE-type replacement plug resists fouling and offers superior corrosion resistance, ensuring dependable operation in various conditions. The nickel-tipped center and ground electrodes further enhance its durability and performance, while the flat seat design ensures a secure fit. Whether you’re maintaining your equipment or replacing worn-out parts, this spark plug provides exceptional value with its proven performance and robust construction.

Product Features:

• Resists fouling
• Superior corrosion resistance
• Dependable and proven performance
• Increased conductivity and heat control for good overall wear

NGK V-Power spark plugs offer reliable performance and improved ignitability over standard nickel plugs. Engineered specifically for OE applications, the special V-cut nickel alloy center electrode and concave ground electrode of NGK’s V-Power spark plug increases ignitability providing quicker starts and smoother idle. NGK’s legendary high grade alumina silicate ceramic creates a stronger insulator for optimal dielectric performance. Trivalent metal plating ensures superior anti-corrosion and anti-seizing properties.

Product Features:

• ACTUAL OE or EQUIVALENT DESIGN: OEM quality construction nickel alloy center electrode with V-groove provides consistent performance
• RECOMMENDED USAGE: Best for vehicles with OE nickel alloy plugs, not recommended on vehicles with factory precious metal plugs
• NGK’s OE CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY: High grade alumina silicate ceramic creates a stronger insulator for optimal dielectric performance
• SOLID COPPER CORE: 98% pure copper core offers superior heat dissipation, conductivity and ultra wide heat ranges
• COLD-ROLLED THREADS: Prevents cross-threading and damage to cylinder heads
• TRIVALENT METAL PLATING: Delivers superior anti-corrosion and anti-seizing properties, ensuring ease of installation and removal
• Enhanced Ignitability: The V-cut nickel alloy center electrode and concave ground electrode design of NGK V-Power spark plugs provide quicker starts and smoother idle.
• OE Application Specific: Engineered specifically for Original Equipment (OE) applications, ensuring compatibility and reliable performance.
• V-Groove Tip Design: The unique V-Groove tip design of the NGK V-Power Nickel Spark Plug enhances ignitability and overall engine performance.

The Copper Plus Spark Plug (RJ12YC) is engineered for dependable performance and durability, making it a reliable choice for maintaining your engine’s efficiency. Featuring a copper core center electrode, it ensures precise heat control and conductivity, promoting longer life and consistent engine performance. Its nickel-tipped center and ground electrodes enhance wear resistance, while the flat seat design ensures a secure fit. Built to ISO and SAE Standards, this spark plug delivers proven performance and superior corrosion resistance, making it an ideal OE replacement. The Copper Plus design guarantees durability, extending the lifespan of the spark plug and providing excellent value for your investment. Whether you’re seeking reliable ignition or long-lasting performance, this spark plug is designed to meet your needs with quality and precision.

Product Features:

• Copper Plus – Dependable Performance and Durability
• Copper core center electrode allows for accurate control of heat range for longer life
• Superior corrosion resistance
• Built to ISO and SAE standards for proven performance
• Built to ISO and SAE standards for proven performance
• Dependable Performance: The Champion Copper Plus Spark Plug ensures reliable and consistent engine performance, making it an ideal OE replacement.
• Durable Design: The Copper Plus design guarantees durability and long-lasting performance, extending the life of the spark plug.

This spark plug non fouler is designed for easy installation on specified vehicles to protect spark plugs from fouling and damage. It is engineered for durability and reliable performance.

Product Features:

• Direct replacement – this spark plug non fouler is designed for easy installation to protect spark plugs from fouling and damage on specified vehicles
• Ideal solution – this non-fouler preserves spark plug life and is a reliable replacement for an original non-fouler that has failed due to corrosion
• Durable construction – made from quality components to ensure reliable performance and a long service life
• Trustworthy quality – backed by team of product experts in the United States and more than a century of automotive experience

Copper Plus spark plug delivers dependable performance and durability, making it a reliable choice for maintaining your vehicle’s efficiency. Featuring a copper core center electrode, it ensures precise heat control and enhanced conductivity, promoting longer life and consistent wear. The nickel-tipped center and ground electrodes provide superior corrosion resistance, ensuring optimal performance even in demanding conditions. Designed to meet ISO and SAE Standards, this spark plug guarantees proven reliability and compatibility with standard replacement needs. Its flat seat type and built-in resistor further enhance its functionality, making it a practical solution for maintaining engine performance. Whether you’re seeking durability or consistent ignition, this spark plug offers excellent value for your vehicle’s maintenance.

Product Features:

• Copper Plus – Dependable Performance.
• Copper core center electrode allows for accurate control of heat range for longer life
• Patented TinTac and ULTRASEAL coated shell for maximum corrosion resistance
• Patented SAC-9 semiconductor resistor for maximum EMI & RFI suppression
• Built to ISO and SAE standards for proven performance

The Copper Plus spark plug is engineered for dependable performance and durability, making it an ideal OE-type replacement for small engines. Featuring a copper core center electrode, it ensures precise heat control and increased conductivity, promoting longer life and consistent wear. Its nickel center and ground electrode tips, combined with a flat seat design, deliver enhanced reliability and superior performance. Built to ISO and SAE Standards, this spark plug resists fouling and offers exceptional corrosion resistance, ensuring it withstands tough conditions. Whether you’re maintaining a small engine or seeking a reliable replacement, this spark plug provides proven performance and value.

Product Features:

• Copper Plus – Dependable Performance and Durability
• OE type replacement plug
• Resists fouling
• Copper core center electrode allows for accurate control of heat range for longer life
• Superior corrosion resistance
• Built to ISO and SAE standards for proven performance
• Increased Conductivity and Heat Control: The Champion Copper Plus Small Engine Spark Plug features a copper core electrode that enhances conductivity and heat management, ensuring good overall wear.
• Enhanced Reliability: With a nickel center electrode tip material and flat seat type, this spark plug provides enhanced reliability and consistent performance for small engines.

Copper Plus spark plug delivers dependable performance and durability, making it an ideal choice for maintaining your vehicle’s efficiency. Featuring a copper core center electrode, it ensures precise heat control for extended lifespan and consistent wear. The nickel-tipped center and ground electrodes enhance conductivity while resisting fouling, ensuring reliable ignition under various conditions. Designed as an OE-type replacement, this spark plug meets ISO and SAE Standards, guaranteeing proven performance and compatibility with a wide range of vehicles. Its flat seat design and superior corrosion resistance further contribute to its reliability, making it a cost-effective solution for long-term use.

Product Features:

• Resists fouling
• Superior corrosion resistance
• Dependable and proven performance
• Increased conductivity and heat control for good overall wear

The Copper Plus spark plug is engineered for dependable performance and durability, making it a reliable choice for maintaining your engine’s efficiency. Featuring a copper core center electrode, it ensures superior conductivity and precise heat control, promoting longer life and consistent wear. The nickel center electrode tip further enhances heat range accuracy, boosting overall reliability. Built to ISO and SAE Standards, this spark plug delivers proven performance while offering superior corrosion resistance for lasting durability. Its flat seat type design ensures a secure fit, optimizing engine efficiency and performance. As a standard replacement grade, this spark plug is designed to meet the demands of everyday driving while maintaining high-quality functionality. Whether you’re looking for enhanced heat control or a secure fit, this spark plug provides excellent value and dependable results for your vehicle.

Product Features:

• Copper Plus – Dependable Performance and Durability
• Copper core center electrode allows for accurate control of heat range for longer life
• Superior corrosion resistance
• Built to ISO and SAE standards for proven performance
• Built to ISO and SAE standards for proven performance
• Nickel Center Electrode Tip: Equipped with a nickel center electrode tip, it provides accurate control of the heat range, further enhancing the spark plug’s reliability.
• Flat Seat Type: The flat seat type design ensures a secure fit, contributing to the overall efficiency and performance of your engine.

The Spark Plugs are the product of years of fundamental research in the combustion field. The unique patented electrode configuration of these new The spark plugs increases the amount of combustion pressure created during each power stroke of an engine, which results in a marked increase in power output, fuel economy, and reduced emissions in all gasoline engines. E3.46 is a 14mm, 0.750 reach plug with a gasket seat. It fits a wide variety of applications from the 60s to early 90s, especially import. E3.46 is widely stocked in automotive retail stores. The automotive plugs have three legs securing the Diamond FIRE electrode to the shell. This allows for excellent heat transfer, and helps to create more turbulence in the cylinder. The patented Diamond FIRE side wire is proven to increase power, reduce fuel consumption and improve hydrocarbon emissions in long-term use.

Product Features:

• E3’s Diamond Fire edge to edge ground electrode provides maximum performance with increased efficiency and a faster more complete burn.
• Smoother Acceleration & Idle – The faster flame initiated by the spark plug results in a more complete burn of the ingested fuel charge. More pressure is created against the piston more fuel is put to work
• Energy – Power output improved up to 6% on average in the typical operating ranges. Results will vary.
• Efficiency – The “diamond shaped” side wire electrode projects the combustion spark in a way that more quickly ignites the air/fuel mixture, thereby creating a significantly faster and larger flame kernel. The result is that more fuel is put to work durin
• E3’s patented Diamond Fire Technology provides a cleaner burning combustion, which translates into fuel savings and reduced engine carbon deposits
• The Spark Plugs are pre-gapped at the factory and cannot be adjusted.
• Wide Compatibility: The E3.46 spark plugs are 14mm with a 0.750 reach and a gasket seat, making them suitable for a wide range of applications from the 1960s to early 1990s, especially for import vehicles.
• Widely Available: The E3.46 spark plugs are widely stocked in automotive retail stores, ensuring easy availability for consumers.

Autolite has over 100 years of engineering experience and has sold over 11 billion plugs. Designed and engineered in the USA, the Autolite Iridium XP spark plugs feature an iridium-enhanced 0.6mm finewire design and patented platinum sidewire technology to provide better overall durability and a more focused ignition for enhanced ignitability and performance. Features double Iridium-enhanced alloy technology center electrode for improved durability and wear resistance.

Product Features:

• 0.6 mm finewire design improves ignitability
• Patented V-trimmed platinum sidewire technology resists wear
• OE equivalent design is engineered for every engine
• Designed for better overall durability with virtually no gap erosion
• Double Iridium-enhanced alloy center electrode ensures superior wear resistance for extended performance life.

ACDelco Gold (Professional) Double Platinum Spark Plug are a high quality alternative to Original Equipment (OE) parts. With a copper core and double platinum pads on the center electrode, these plugs are designed to deliver long-lasting performance. These premium aftermarket replacement spark plugs are manufactured to meet your expectations for fit, form, and function. ACDelco Gold (Professional) parts are manufactured to meet your expectations for fit, form, and function, making them a smart choice for General Motors vehicles, as well as most makes and models, including special applications. These high-quality parts are backed by General Motors. Some ACDelco Gold parts may have formerly appeared as ACDelco Professional.

Product Features:

• One-piece, fired-in suppressor seal blends three glass types for a gas-tight seal that helps reduce radio frequency and engine interference, regulate spark plug energy, and protect against compression pressures for long life
• Double platinum point pad on center and ground electrode offer excellent durability and consistent voltage demands to help reduce wear on ignition system
• Pure copper core results in cooler electrode temperature for maximized durability and fouling resistance
• Some ACDelco Gold parts may have formerly appeared as ACDelco Professional
• Premium aftermarket replacement part
• Manufactured to meet specifications for fit, form, and function for General Motors vehicles as well as most makes and models

ACDelco GM Original Equipment Conventional Spark Plugs are designed, engineered, and tested to rigorous standards, and are backed by General Motors. These Conventional Spark Plugs are designed for reliability and efficient performance, and are a high quality replacement for many vehicles on the road today. Their high-quality copper cores and outstanding suppression characteristics deliver reliable performance. They are also available for Marine applications. These premium aftermarket replacement spark plugs are manufactured to meet your expectations for fit, form, and function. ACDelco GM Original Equipment parts are the true OE parts installed during the production of or validated by General Motors for GM vehicles. Some ACDelco GM Original Equipment parts may have formerly appeared as GM Genuine Parts (OE) or ACDelco Professional.

Product Features:

• GM regularly updates production and service part designs to integrate new materials and technologies
• High-Quality Copper Core: Designed with high-quality copper cores for reliable performance and efficient operation.
• Nickel Center Electrode Tip: Features a nickel center electrode tip for enhanced durability and consistent performance.
• Outstanding Suppression Characteristics: Engineered to deliver outstanding suppression characteristics, ensuring smooth engine operation.
• OE Replacement: These spark plugs are true OE parts installed during GM vehicle production, ensuring perfect fit, form, and function.
• Versatile Applications: Providing a high-quality replacement for a wide range of vehicles.