2010 Mitsubishi Lancer Brake Pads and Shoes

Engineered to withstand even the most punishing treatment, Akebono Performance® Ultra-Premium ceramic brake pads deliver ideal stopping power in extreme conditions and are made in the USA. For performance enthusiasts, light trucks, SUVs, fleets, or law enforcement vehicles, you can count on the Akebono Performance line to safely and smoothly stop your vehicles. MAXIMUM FRICTION FOR PEAK STOPPING POWER. Like all Akebono brake pads, the Akebono Performance line delivers definitive control of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) and offers the ultimate upgrade for semi-metallic and low-metallic brake pads. Akebono Performance Ultra-Premium brake pads are made from a proprietary mix of unique ceramic formulations for maximum friction and rotor compatibility. You get longer rotor life and cleaner wheels with less brake dust. To assure optimum performance, distinct designs have been developed for each vehicle model, resulting in a precise fit that virtually eliminates brake squealing, groaning and vibration. AKEBONO: THE RIGHT BRAKE PAD CHOICE FOR YOUR FLEET. Akebono Performance Ultra-Premium brake pads are ideally suited for light trucks and SUVs that need additional braking force for challenges such as towing boats, trailers, campers and equipment. In addition, their performance engineering provides reliable stopping power, with friction formulas that are specially designed for law enforcement vehicles and any fleet that will be driven to its limits.

Product Features:

• 100 percent made in the USA
• Upgrade for semi-metallic and low-metallic brake pads
• Ceramic formulated for maximum friction
• Longer rotor life
• Cleaner wheels with less brake dust
• Minimum brake squealing, groan or vibration

For replacement brake pads that are designed for your vehicle, trust the name that manufacturers trust Akebono Pro-ACT® Ultra-Premium brake pads. Manufactured from carefully selected materials designed to help minimize and/or virtually eliminate unwanted brake dust, Pro-ACT Ultra-Premium brake pads provide consistent, smooth stopping power across a wide range of driving conditions, including panic stops. Replacement Brake Pads from the Creators of Akebono Ceramic Technology® Engineered to eliminate noise, vibration, and harshness, Pro-ACT Ceramic Disc Brake Pads provide the ultimate braking experience. The best replacement for restoring OE ceramic pad performance, Pro-ACT Ceramic Disc Pads are also ideal for upgrading from conventional pads. In addition to dramatically quieter braking, Pro-ACT Ceramic Pads provide best-in-class braking performance, including enhanced initial effectiveness (no break-in required), high resistance to fade, consistent brake pedal feel, and ultra-low dusting for cleaner wheels and tires. Akebono’s ceramic technology also causes minimal wear on brake rotors.

Product Features:

• Virtually eliminates noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH)
• Vehicle-optimized ceramic formulas for superior performance
• Unrivaled stopping power
• Clean wheels
• No break-in required
• Rotor-friendly with proven longer rotor life
• Perfect upgrade for all braking systems
• Made in the USA

Choosing the right Ceramic brake pads is a big decision: after all, they will be fitted to a vehicle carrying precious cargo; so you need to make an informed choice and get it right. With more than 100 years’ experience, we are pioneers in the development of braking systems and technologies and work closely with the world’s leading vehicle manufacturers. As a consumer, you should expect safety, quality and performance from a brake pad. With its superior range of Ceramic Brake Pads, TRW offers you all that, and more. We design our Ceramic Brake Pads using vehicle-optimized friction formulations which are focussed on eliminating noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) and severely reducing wheel dust; while at the same time increasing durability and smooth braking actions. We engineer our brake pads to precise Original Equipment (OE) standards, and test them to the extreme both in the lab and in real life, real road situations at every speed and on every terrain. In addition, our Ceramic Brake Pads deliver what we in the business call ‘fadeless performance’ to counteract the heat that braking in heavy traffic creates which could result in a lack of performance. All TRW products are taken to market under the ‘Safety’ strapline. We never deviate from this and we never compromise because we believe that every stop could be that safety critical stop. We wouldn’t put our name to something that we wouldn’t fit in our own vehicles to transport our own families. All of this adds up to one fact: You really can trust TRW to provide superior Ceramic Brake Pads to deliver the ultimate in braking experience.

Product Features:

• For the best and safest performance – we mirror OE and provide the optimum friction formulation for each make and model
• For the quietest braking – TRW applies ‘bonded Nitrile rubber-coated steel shims; proven to be the best noise damping material to all its Ceramic Brake Pads
• The intelligent design includes slots and chamfers which prevents dirt and dust build up on the friction surface; giving more effective contact and reducing noise
• Using the latest technology, TRW designs its Ceramic Brake Pads with an emphasis on dust reduction; giving you the safest stop while keeping your wheels clean
• We provide all necessary accessories, including installation hardware and grease, together with fitting instructions with each part for a safe and easy brake pad change
• TRW covers 98% of all vehicles on the road in North America both imports and domestic

Dual Technology Ceramic (DTC) – Low Noise – Low Dust WBR ceramic brake pads are specially formulated for driving conditions that require superior friction effectiveness without compromising low noise or low dust characteristics. The advanced ceramic formulation mitigates wheel dust, brake fade, low speed and high heat squeal, at the same time providing positive pedal feel and long-life. Every WBR ceramic brake pad comes with a platform specific shim and has a burnished contact surface (scorched) just like OEM pads to ensure easy break-in and proper long-term functionality. Advanced Material Platform Specific Brake Pad Shims: To effectively combat brake squeal, WBR utilizes different advanced materials in the shim construction, as well as fastening the shim to the pad with both mechanical tabs and silicone adhesives. This platform specific advanced material shim design is included with every WBR brake pad.

Product Features:

• Original Equipment Performance
• Solid Pedal Feel With Smooth Braking Performance
• Ultra-Quiet Ceramic Formulation
• Low Dust – Long Life
• Advanced Material Platform Specific Shims
• Scorched for Easy Break In
• Positive Mold Construction
• All WBR Pads are 100% Shimmed

Engineered to withstand even the most punishing treatment, Akebono Performance® Ultra-Premium ceramic brake pads deliver ideal stopping power in extreme conditions and are made in the USA. For performance enthusiasts, light trucks, SUVs, fleets, or law enforcement vehicles, you can count on the Akebono Performance line to safely and smoothly stop your vehicles. MAXIMUM FRICTION FOR PEAK STOPPING POWER. Like all Akebono brake pads, the Akebono Performance line delivers definitive control of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) and offers the ultimate upgrade for semi-metallic and low-metallic brake pads. Akebono Performance Ultra-Premium brake pads are made from a proprietary mix of unique ceramic formulations for maximum friction and rotor compatibility. You get longer rotor life and cleaner wheels with less brake dust. To assure optimum performance, distinct designs have been developed for each vehicle model, resulting in a precise fit that virtually eliminates brake squealing, groaning and vibration. AKEBONO: THE RIGHT BRAKE PAD CHOICE FOR YOUR FLEET. Akebono Performance Ultra-Premium brake pads are ideally suited for light trucks and SUVs that need additional braking force for challenges such as towing boats, trailers, campers and equipment. In addition, their performance engineering provides reliable stopping power, with friction formulas that are specially designed for law enforcement vehicles and any fleet that will be driven to its limits.

Product Features:

• 100 percent made in the USA
• Upgrade for semi-metallic and low-metallic brake pads
• Ceramic formulated for maximum friction
• Longer rotor life
• Cleaner wheels with less brake dust
• Minimum brake squealing, groan or vibration

Carquest Standard brake pads are designed for original equipment (O.E.) fit, form and function for dependable stopping while providing great value. Our brake pads use quality friction formulas for reliable stopping power. Carquest Standard brake pads feature a single-layer shim that absorbs noise and vibration to provide quiet braking. These brake pads also utilize slots and chamfers based on the OE design. Carquest Standard brake pads are the right choice when looking for good performance at a great price.

Product Features:

• Dependable stopping power
• Single layer shim for quiet braking
• OE-designed slots and chamfers to reduce noise and vibration
• Powder-coated backing plate prevents corrosion

Bosch QuietCast Premium raises aftermarket brake pad technology to a whole new level. Employing the industry’s best pre-attached, rubber core shims and Molded Shim Technology (on selected applications), QuietCast delivers the quiet operation you and your customers expect with the durability and long life that are the hallmarks of all Bosch products. Every Bosch QuietCast Disc Brake Pad is fitted with the industry’s best pre-attached rubber core shim. This shim style is the most predominant type used by OE manufacturers and is exclusively offered by Bosch for the independent aftermarket.

Product Features:

• OE-Equivalent and Direct Fit application.
• OE style rubber-core shims
• Advanced, platform-specific Semi Metallic formulation
• Dedicated engineers source and rigorously test all friction materials and formulations
• Manufactured under the same exacting quality standards as OE components and system
• Powder-coated backing plate
• Rigorous physical and dynamometer testing
• Synthetic lubricant in box
• Pads individually wrapped Bosch Molded Shim Technology (MST)*** (On Select Applications)
• At the time of pressing, heat, adhesive and pressure mold the multi-layer shim to the backing plate and friction material creating an integrally molded unit.
• Shim stays attached throughout the life of the pad; won’t walk or slide on the backing plate
• Provides maximum stability resulting in quieter shim performance over the life of the pad

Dual Technology Ceramic (DTC) – Low Noise – Low Dust WBR ceramic brake pads are specially formulated for driving conditions that require superior friction effectiveness without compromising low noise or low dust characteristics. The advanced ceramic formulation mitigates wheel dust, brake fade, low speed and high heat squeal, at the same time providing positive pedal feel and long-life. Every WBR ceramic brake pad comes with a platform specific shim and has a burnished contact surface (scorched) just like OEM pads to ensure easy break-in and proper long-term functionality. Advanced Material Platform Specific Brake Pad Shims: To effectively combat brake squeal, WBR utilizes different advanced materials in the shim construction, as well as fastening the shim to the pad with both mechanical tabs and silicone adhesives. This platform specific advanced material shim design is included with every WBR brake pad.

Product Features:

• Original Equipment Performance
• Solid Pedal Feel With Smooth Braking Performance
• Ultra-Quiet Ceramic Formulation
• Low Dust – Long Life
• Advanced Material Platform Specific Shims
• Scorched for Easy Break In
• Positive Mold Construction
• All WBR Pads are 100% Shimmed

Carquest Premium Gold brake pads are original equipment replacement brake pads that provide consistent, quiet, and clean braking.

Product Features:

• Application-specific formulations designed for extended pad life and clean wheels
• Multi-layer shim for near silent braking
• OE designed slots and chamfers for consistent performance
• Hardware included on popular and late-model applications

Carquest Standard brake pads are designed for original equipment (O.E.) fit, form and function for dependable stopping while providing great value. Our brake pads use quality friction formulas for reliable stopping power. Carquest Standard brake pads feature a single-layer shim that absorbs noise and vibration to provide quiet braking. These brake pads also utilize slots and chamfers based on the OE design. Carquest Standard brake pads are the right choice when looking for good performance at a great price.

Product Features:

• Dependable stopping power
• Single layer shim for quiet braking
• OE-designed slots and chamfers to reduce noise and vibration
• Powder-coated backing plate prevents corrosion

Wagner TQ® brake pads feature a zero-copper friction formulation and a unique Integrally Molded Insulator (IMI™) technology for quieter operation.

Product Features:

• QUIETER OPERATION — Application-specific design and a unique laser-shaped friction spreads out heat, sound and vibration to reduce noise opportunities
• LONG LIFE — Superior formulation design dissipates heat for long-lasting friction performance and reduced brake fade
• CLEANER WHEELS — Proprietary formulation provides superior braking performance and reduced rotor wear, helping to cut down on brake dust
• ONE-PIECE DESIGN — IMI™ technology integrates friction material, backing plate and insulator into the brake pad for select applications
• HARDWARE INCLUDED — Premium stainless-steel hardware included for select applications
• COMPREHENSIVE COVERAGE — Brake pads available for most vehicles on the road
• ZERO COPPER FORMULATION — Features Wagner OE25™ zero-copper friction formulation

Wagner TQ® brake pads feature a zero-copper friction formulation and a unique Integrally Molded Insulator (IMI™) technology for quieter operation.

Product Features:

• QUIETER OPERATION — Application-specific design and a unique laser-shaped friction spreads out heat, sound and vibration to reduce noise opportunities
• LONG LIFE — Superior formulation design dissipates heat for long-lasting friction performance and reduced brake fade
• CLEANER WHEELS — Proprietary formulation provides superior braking performance and reduced rotor wear, helping to cut down on brake dust
• ONE-PIECE DESIGN — IMI™ technology integrates friction material, backing plate and insulator into the brake pad for select applications
• HARDWARE INCLUDED — Premium stainless-steel hardware included for select applications
• COMPREHENSIVE COVERAGE — Brake pads available for most vehicles on the road
• ZERO COPPER FORMULATION — Features Wagner OE25™ zero-copper friction formulation

Bosch QuietCast Ceramic raises aftermarket brake pad technology to a whole new level. Employing the industry’s best pre-attached, rubber core shims and Molded Shim Technology (on selected applications), QuietCast delivers the quiet operation you and your customers expect with the durability and long life that are the hallmarks of all Bosch products. Every Bosch QuietCast Disc Brake Pad is fitted with the industry’s best pre-attached rubber core shim. This shim style is the most predominant type used by OE manufacturers and is exclusively offered by Bosch for the independent aftermarket.

Product Features:

• OE-Equivalent and Direct Fit application.
• OE style rubber-core shims
• Special Advanced, platform-specific ceramic formulation
• Dedicated engineers source and rigorously test all friction materials and formulations
• Manufactured under the same exacting quality standards as OE components and system
• Powder-coated backing plate
• Rigorous physical and dynamometer testing
• Synthetic lubricant in box
• Pads individually wrapped Bosch Molded Shim Technology (MST)*** (On Select Applications)
• At the time of pressing, heat, adhesive and pressure mold the multi-layer shim to the backing plate and friction material creating an integrally molded unit.
• Shim stays attached throughout the life of the pad; won’t walk or slide on the backing plate
• Provides maximum stability resulting in quieter shim performance over the life of the pad

CARQUEST Wearever Gold brake pads are original equipment replacement brake pads that provide consistent, quiet and clean braking. CQ Wearever Gold brake pads are also manufactured by leading brake pad suppliers that OEM and OES heritage. Trust CQ Wearev

Product Features:

• Application-specific formulations designed for extended pad life and clean wheels
• Multi-layer shim for near silent braking
• OE designed slots and chamfers for consistent performance
• Hardware included on popular and late-model applications

Carquest Premium Gold brake pads are original equipment replacement brake pads that provide consistent, quiet, and clean braking.

Product Features:

• Application-specific formulations designed for extended pad life and clean wheels
• Multi-layer shim for near silent braking
• OE designed slots and chamfers for consistent performance
• Hardware included on popular and late-model applications

BRK PAD-GLD SEMI-MET

Carquest Standard brake pads are designed for original equipment (O.E.) fit, form and function for dependable stopping while providing great value. Our brake pads use quality friction formulas for reliable stopping power. Carquest Standard brake pads feature a single-layer shim that absorbs noise and vibration to provide quiet braking. These brake pads also utilize slots and chamfers based on the OE design. Carquest Standard brake pads are the right choice when looking for good performance at a great price.

Product Features:

• Dependable stopping power
• Single layer shim for quiet braking
• OE-designed slots and chamfers to reduce noise and vibration
• Powder-coated backing plate prevents corrosion

Bosch QuietCast Ceramic raises aftermarket brake pad technology to a whole new level. Employing the industry’s best pre-attached, rubber core shims and Molded Shim Technology (on selected applications), QuietCast delivers the quiet operation you and your customers expect with the durability and long life that are the hallmarks of all Bosch products. Every Bosch QuietCast Disc Brake Pad is fitted with the industry’s best pre-attached rubber core shim. This shim style is the most predominant type used by OE manufacturers and is exclusively offered by Bosch for the independent aftermarket.

Product Features:

• OE-Equivalent and Direct Fit application.
• OE style rubber-core shims
• Special Advanced, platform-specific ceramic formulation
• Dedicated engineers source and rigorously test all friction materials and formulations
• Manufactured under the same exacting quality standards as OE components and system
• Powder-coated backing plate
• Rigorous physical and dynamometer testing
• Synthetic lubricant in box
• Pads individually wrapped Bosch Molded Shim Technology (MST)*** (On Select Applications)
• At the time of pressing, heat, adhesive and pressure mold the multi-layer shim to the backing plate and friction material creating an integrally molded unit.
• Shim stays attached throughout the life of the pad; won’t walk or slide on the backing plate
• Provides maximum stability resulting in quieter shim performance over the life of the pad

Carquest Platinum Professional brake pads are a premium alternative to original equipment brake pads that provide superior stopping performance, quieter braking and cleaner wheels. All CQ Platinum Professional brake pads are manufactured by a vertically

Product Features:

• Industry-leading number of application specific formulations for maximum performance and extended pad life
• On-vehicle testing similar to original equipment tests
• Patented 4-Layer HEX Shim Technology provides quiet braking
• HEX shim design utilizes aramid fibers, the same fibers used in bulletproof vests, to reduce shim wear
• Burnishing compound allows for a faster break-in of pads and rotors
• PTFE coated hardware and caliper pin grease included for nearly every application
• Powder-coated backing plate prevents corrosion
• Road tested in multiple environments and conditions to ensure reliable stopping power
• Meets or exceeds OE specifications and covers 99% of foreign and domestic vehicles
• Limited Lifetime Warranty

Wagner TQ® brake pads feature a zero-copper friction formulation and a unique Integrally Molded Insulator (IMI) technology for quieter operation.

Product Features:

• EXCEPTIONAL BRAKING POWER — Advanced friction formulations dissipate heat for superior braking performance
• HARDWARE INCLUIDO: Hardware de acero inoxidable de primera calidad incluido para aplicaciones selectas

Wagner TQ® brake pads feature a zero-copper friction formulation and a unique Integrally Molded Insulator (IMI) technology for quieter operation.

Product Features:

• QUIETER OPERATION — Application-specific design and a unique laser-shaped friction spreads out heat, sound and vibration to reduce noise opportunities
• LONG LIFE — Superior formulation design dissipates heat for long-lasting friction performance and reduced brake fade
• HARDWARE INCLUIDO: Hardware de acero inoxidable de primera calidad incluido para aplicaciones selectas
• COMPREHENSIVE COVERAGE — Brake pads available for most vehicles on the road

Choosing the right Ceramic brake pads is a big decision: after all, they will be fitted to a vehicle carrying precious cargo; so you need to make an informed choice and get it right. With more than 100 years’ experience, we are pioneers in the development of braking systems and technologies and work closely with the world’s leading vehicle manufacturers. As a consumer, you should expect safety, quality and performance from a brake pad. With its superior range of Ceramic Brake Pads, TRW offers you all that, and more. We design our Ceramic Brake Pads using vehicle-optimized friction formulations which are focussed on eliminating noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) and severely reducing wheel dust; while at the same time increasing durability and smooth braking actions. We engineer our brake pads to precise Original Equipment (OE) standards, and test them to the extreme both in the lab and in real life, real road situations at every speed and on every terrain. In addition, our Ceramic Brake Pads deliver what we in the business call ‘fadeless performance’ to counteract the heat that braking in heavy traffic creates which could result in a lack of performance. All TRW products are taken to market under the ‘Safety’ strapline. We never deviate from this and we never compromise because we believe that every stop could be that safety critical stop. We wouldn’t put our name to something that we wouldn’t fit in our own vehicles to transport our own families. All of this adds up to one fact: You really can trust TRW to provide superior Ceramic Brake Pads to deliver the ultimate in braking experience.

Product Features:

• For the best and safest performance – we mirror OE and provide the optimum friction formulation for each make and model
• For the quietest braking – TRW applies ‘bonded Nitrile rubber-coated steel shims; proven to be the best noise damping material to all its Ceramic Brake Pads
• The intelligent design includes slots and chamfers which prevents dirt and dust build up on the friction surface; giving more effective contact and reducing noise
• Using the latest technology, TRW designs its Ceramic Brake Pads with an emphasis on dust reduction; giving you the safest stop while keeping your wheels clean
• We provide all necessary accessories, including installation hardware and grease, together with fitting instructions with each part for a safe and easy brake pad change
• TRW covers 98% of all vehicles on the road in North America both imports and domestic

Carquest Standard brake pads are designed for original equipment (O.E.) fit, form and function for dependable stopping while providing great value. Our brake pads use quality friction formulas for reliable stopping power. Carquest Standard brake pads feature a single-layer shim that absorbs noise and vibration to provide quiet braking. These brake pads also utilize slots and chamfers based on the OE design. Carquest Standard brake pads are the right choice when looking for good performance at a great price.

Product Features:

• Dependable stopping power
• Single layer shim for quiet braking
• OE-designed slots and chamfers to reduce noise and vibration
• Powder-coated backing plate prevents corrosion

Carquest Platinum Professional brake pads are a premium alternative to original equipment brake pads that provide superior stopping performance, quieter braking and cleaner wheels. All CQ Platinum Professional brake pads are manufactured by a vertically

Product Features:

• Industry-leading number of application specific formulations for maximum performance and extended pad life
• On-vehicle testing similar to original equipment tests
• Patented 4-Layer HEX Shim Technology provides quiet braking
• HEX shim design utilizes aramid fibers, the same fibers used in bulletproof vests, to reduce shim wear
• Burnishing compound allows for a faster break-in of pads and rotors
• PTFE coated hardware and caliper pin grease included for nearly every application
• Powder-coated backing plate prevents corrosion

Dual Technology Ceramic (DTC) – Low Noise – Low Dust WBR ceramic brake pads are specially formulated for driving conditions that require superior friction effectiveness without compromising low noise or low dust characteristics. The advanced ceramic formulation mitigates wheel dust, brake fade, low speed and high heat squeal, at the same time providing positive pedal feel and long-life. Every WBR ceramic brake pad comes with a platform specific shim and has a burnished contact surface (scorched) just like OEM pads to ensure easy break-in and proper long-term functionality. Advanced Material Platform Specific Brake Pad Shims: To effectively combat brake squeal, WBR utilizes different advanced materials in the shim construction, as well as fastening the shim to the pad with both mechanical tabs and silicone adhesives. This platform specific advanced material shim design is included with every WBR brake pad.

Product Features:

• Original Equipment Performance
• Solid Pedal Feel With Smooth Braking Performance
• Ultra-Quiet Ceramic Formulation
• Low Dust – Long Life
• Advanced Material Platform Specific Shims
• Scorched for Easy Break In
• Positive Mold Construction
• All WBR Pads are 100% Shimmed

Bosch QuietCast Premium raises aftermarket brake pad technology to a whole new level. Employing the industry’s best pre-attached, rubber core shims and Molded Shim Technology (on selected applications), QuietCast delivers the quiet operation you and your customers expect with the durability and long life that are the hallmarks of all Bosch products. Every Bosch QuietCast Disc Brake Pad is fitted with the industry’s best pre-attached rubber core shim. This shim style is the most predominant type used by OE manufacturers and is exclusively offered by Bosch for the independent aftermarket.

Product Features:

• OE-Equivalent and Direct Fit application.
• OE style rubber-core shims
• Advanced, platform-specific Semi Metallic formulation
• Dedicated engineers source and rigorously test all friction materials and formulations
• Manufactured under the same exacting quality standards as OE components and system
• Powder-coated backing plate
• Rigorous physical and dynamometer testing
• Synthetic lubricant in box
• Pads individually wrapped Bosch Molded Shim Technology (MST)*** (On Select Applications)
• At the time of pressing, heat, adhesive and pressure mold the multi-layer shim to the backing plate and friction material creating an integrally molded unit.
• Shim stays attached throughout the life of the pad; won’t walk or slide on the backing plate
• Provides maximum stability resulting in quieter shim performance over the life of the pad

Akebono Pro-ACT Ultra-Premium brake pads utilize OE-validated, application-specific friction formulations. This helps ensure that Pro-ACT Ultra-Premium brake pads will provide a reliable braking experience. With the Akebono Pro-ACT Ultra-Premium product line, all customers will receive OE-quality replacements for many popular domestic and Japanese vehicles.

Product Features:

• Virtually Eliminates Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
• Vehicle-Optimized Ceramic Formulas for Superior Performance
• Unrivaled Stopping Power
• Clean Wheels
• No Break-in Required
• Rotor Friendly for Longest Rotor Life
• Perfect Upgrade for all Braking Systems

Carquest Premium Gold brake pads are original equipment replacement brake pads that provide consistent, quiet, and clean braking.

Product Features:

• Application-specific formulations designed for extended pad life and clean wheels
• Multi-layer shim for near silent braking
• OE designed slots and chamfers for consistent performance
• Hardware included on popular and late-model applications