1987 Chevrolet S10 Spark Plugs

NGK V-Power spark plugs offer reliable performance and improved ignitability over standard nickel plugs. Engineered specifically for OE applications, the special V-cut nickel alloy center electrode and concave ground electrode of NGK’s V-Power spark plug increases ignitability providing quicker starts and smoother idle. NGK’s legendary high grade alumina silicate ceramic creates a stronger insulator for optimal dielectric performance. Trivalent metal plating ensures superior anti-corrosion and anti-seizing properties.

Product Features:

• ACTUAL OE or EQUIVALENT DESIGN: OEM quality construction nickel alloy center electrode with V-groove provides consistent performance
• RECOMMENDED USAGE: Best for vehicles with OE nickel alloy plugs, not recommended on vehicles with factory precious metal plugs
• NGK’s OE CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY: High grade alumina silicate ceramic creates a stronger insulator for optimal dielectric performance
• SOLID COPPER CORE: 98% pure copper core offers superior heat dissipation, conductivity and ultra wide heat ranges
• COLD-ROLLED THREADS: Prevents cross-threading and damage to cylinder heads
• TRIVALENT METAL PLATING: Delivers superior anti-corrosion and anti-seizing properties, ensuring ease of installation and removal
• Enhanced Ignitability: The V-cut nickel alloy center electrode and concave ground electrode design of NGK V-Power spark plugs provide quicker starts and smoother idle.
• OE Application Specific: Engineered specifically for Original Equipment (OE) applications, ensuring compatibility and reliable performance.
• V-Groove Tip Design: The unique V-Groove tip design of the UR5 model enhances ignitability and overall engine performance.

ACDelco Professional Conventional Spark Plugs are designed for reliability and efficient performance, and are a high quality replacement for many vehicles on the road today. Their high-quality copper cores and outstanding suppression characteristics deliver reliable performance. They are also available for Marine applications. These premium aftermarket replacement spark plugs are manufactured to meet your expectations for fit, form, and function.

Product Features:

• Black Onyx coating helps reduce corrosion
• Copper core provides great heat transfer and helps maximize plug durability
• Ribbed suppressor seal extends resistance and helps prevent spark ‘flash over’ and misfires
• Nickel-chrome alloy sheathing helps prevent corrosion on center electrode
• Available for use in Marine applications
• Some ACDelco GM Original Equipment parts may have formerly appeared as GM Genuine Parts (OE) or ACDelco Professional
• ACDelco GM Original Equipment parts are designed, engineered and tested to rigorous standards, and are backed by General Motors
• GM Engineers design and validate OE parts specifically for your Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, or Cadillac vehicle
• GM regularly updates production and service part designs to integrate new materials and technologies
• Nickel Center Electrode Tip: Designed with a nickel center electrode tip, these spark plugs provide durability and consistent performance.
• Outstanding Suppression Characteristics: These spark plugs offer excellent suppression characteristics, contributing to the overall reliability of your vehicle’s engine.
• Conical Seat Type: The conical seat type design ensures a secure fit and optimal function in a variety of vehicle applications.

Copper Plus spark plug delivers reliable performance and durability, making it an ideal OE-type replacement for your vehicle. Featuring a copper core center electrode, it ensures precise heat control for extended lifespan and resists fouling for consistent ignition. The nickel-tipped center and ground electrodes enhance conductivity while providing superior corrosion resistance, ensuring dependable operation in various conditions. Built to ISO and SAE Standards, this spark plug guarantees proven performance and compatibility with standard replacement needs. Its tapered seat design and integrated resistor further optimize functionality, making it a valuable addition to your engine’s ignition system.

Product Features:

• Resists fouling
• Superior corrosion resistance
• Dependable and proven performance
• Increased conductivity and heat control for good overall wear

This spark plug non fouler is designed for easy installation on specified vehicles to protect spark plugs from fouling and damage. It is engineered for durability and reliable performance.

Product Features:

• Direct replacement – this spark plug non fouler is designed for easy installation to protect spark plugs from fouling and damage on specified vehicles
• Ideal solution – this non-fouler preserves spark plug life and is a reliable replacement for an original non-fouler that has failed due to corrosion
• Durable construction – made from quality components to ensure reliable performance and a long service life
• Trustworthy quality – backed by team of product experts in the United States and more than a century of automotive experience

NGK Iridium IX spark plugs are specifically designed for the performance enthusiast. Iridium IX provides outstanding acceleration, high fuel efficiency and durability. NGK Iridium IX plugs offer extreme ignitability and exceptional anti-fouling. Tapered cut ground electrode provides improved starting, idling and throttle response. The Iridium fine wire center electrode’s durability is six times harder than platinum. Iridium alloy’s extremely high melting point is perfect for today’s engines. For even greater performance consider upgrading to an NGK Ruthenium HX plug.

Product Features:

• SINGLE IRIDIUM TIP: Fine wire 0.6 millimeter iridium tip center electrode ensures high durability and a consistently stable spark
• IRIDIUM ALLOY CENTER ELECTRODE: Iridium’s density (6x that of platinum) and extremely high melting point is perfect for modern high efficiency engines
• TAPERED CUT GROUND ELECTRODE: Reduced quenching design produces outstanding ignitability, improved acceleration, fuel efficiency and durability
• SOLID COPPER CORE: 98% pure copper core offers superior heat dissipation, conductivity and ultra wide heat ranges
• TRIVALENT METAL PLATING: Delivers superior anti-corrosion and anti-seizing properties, ensuring ease of installation and removal
• RECOMMENDED USAGE: Modified or high performance applications, or as an upgrade to OE nickel alloy spark plugs
• Outstanding Acceleration and High Fuel Efficiency: NGK Iridium IX spark plugs are engineered to deliver exceptional acceleration and improved fuel efficiency, making them ideal for performance enthusiasts.
• Extreme Ignitability and Anti-Fouling: These spark plugs offer extreme ignitability and exceptional resistance to fouling, ensuring reliable performance in various driving conditions.

Autolite Copper spark plugs are crafted to deliver reliable performance and quick starts, ensuring your vehicle meets its power and efficiency needs. Featuring a copper core center electrode, these spark plugs excel in thermal control and resist fouling, while the high nickel alloy center and ground electrodes provide extended life and durability. The high alumina multi-rib ceramic insulator enhances thermal conductivity and insulation, offering superior strength under demanding conditions. Designed with a corrosion-resistant nickel-plated shell, these spark plugs are built to last, even in harsh environments. With a mid-projection standard center electrode and tapered seat type, they ensure optimal compatibility and fit. Engineered for good fuel economy, they help optimize fuel efficiency, saving you money over time. Whether for regular-grade applications or vehicles requiring a resistor-type spark plug, Autolite Copper spark plugs deliver dependable performance and value.

Product Features:

• The copper core center electrode aids in thermal control and improves resistance to fouling.
• Its specially engineered high nickel alloy center and ground electrode provides extended life.
• The high alumina multi-rib ceramic insulator provides thermal conductivity and superior insulation for increased strength.
• Designed with a nickel-plated shell that is corrosion resistant to provide increased durability for extended periods.
• Good Fuel Economy: Engineered to optimize fuel efficiency, helping you save on fuel costs.

Autolite Platinum spark plugs are crafted for superior performance and durability, making them ideal for older engine applications. Featuring a platinum center electrode firing tip, these spark plugs ensure quicker firing, smoother starts, and enhanced acceleration while improving fuel efficiency. The platinum firing tip prevents gap erosion, extending the service life, while the high alumina ceramic insulator provides excellent thermal conductivity and insulation for added strength. A multi-rib insulator design prevents flash-over, and the nickel-plated shell resists corrosion for long-lasting reliability. With a tapered seat type, these spark plugs deliver enhanced performance and durability, ensuring consistent ignition. Designed with a mid-projection standard center electrode and nickel ground electrode tip, they are built for performance-grade applications. Equipped with a resistor, these spark plugs offer reliable functionality and are a dependable choice for maintaining engine efficiency over time.

Product Features:

• Engineered with a platinum firing tip that prevents gap erosion for longer service life.
• Its high alumina ceramic insulator provides thermal conductivity and superior insulation for increased strength.
• The multi-rib insulator prevents flash-over.
• Designed with a nickel-plated shell that is corrosion resistant to provide increased durability for extended life.
• Tapered Seat Type: Enhances performance and durability for a longer-lasting spark plug.

The Premium DiamondFire Automotive Spark Plug is engineered for peak performance and efficiency, making it a standout choice for drivers seeking enhanced engine output. Featuring E3’s patented Diamond Fire edge-to-edge ground electrode, it delivers a faster, more complete burn for smoother acceleration and idle. The innovative “diamond-shaped” side wire electrode ensures quicker ignition of the air/fuel mixture, creating a larger flame kernel and improving power output by up to 6% on average. Its nickel center and ground electrode tips provide durability and reliable performance, while the tapered seat type ensures a secure fit. Pre-gapped at the factory for convenience, this spark plug also promotes cleaner combustion, reducing engine carbon deposits and contributing to fuel savings. Designed to maximize efficiency and power, its a smart upgrade for any vehicle.

Product Features:

• E3’s Diamond Fire edge to edge ground electrode provides maximum performance with increased efficiency and a faster more complete burn.
• Smoother Acceleration & Idle – The faster flame initiated by the spark plug results in a more complete burn of the ingested fuel charge. More pressure is created against the piston more fuel is put to work
• Energy – Power output improved up to 6% on average in the typical operating ranges. Results will vary.
• Efficiency – The “diamond shaped” side wire electrode projects the combustion spark in a way that more quickly ignites the air/fuel mixture, thereby creating a significantly faster and larger flame kernel. The result is that more fuel is put to work durin
• E3’s patented Diamond Fire Technology provides a cleaner burning combustion, which translates into fuel savings and reduced engine carbon deposits
• The Spark Plugs are pre-gapped at the factory and cannot be adjusted.

Autolite Copper spark plugs are expertly crafted to ensure reliable performance and durability for your vehicle. Featuring a copper core center electrode, these spark plugs excel in thermal control and resist fouling, ensuring consistent operation. The high nickel alloy center and ground electrodes are designed for extended life, while the nickel-plated shell offers superior corrosion resistance for long-lasting durability. With a high alumina multi-rib ceramic insulator, these spark plugs provide excellent thermal conductivity and insulation, enhancing strength and reliability. Engineered with a mid-projection standard center electrode and tapered seat type, they deliver optimal compatibility and performance. The nickel tip material on both the center and ground electrodes ensures robust functionality, while the built-in resistor type further enhances efficiency. Designed to optimize fuel economy, these spark plugs help you save on fuel costs without compromising on power or quick starts. Perfect for regular-grade applications, they are a dependable choice for maintaining peak engine performance.

Product Features:

• The copper core center electrode aids in thermal control and improves resistance to fouling.
• Its specially engineered high nickel alloy center and ground electrode provides extended life.
• The high alumina multi-rib ceramic insulator provides thermal conductivity and superior insulation for increased strength.
• Designed with a nickel-plated shell that is corrosion resistant to provide increased durability for extended periods.
• Good Fuel Economy: Engineered to optimize fuel efficiency, helping you save on fuel costs.

ACDelco Professional Conventional Spark Plugs are designed for reliability and efficient performance, and are a high quality replacement for many vehicles on the road today. Their high-quality copper cores and outstanding suppression characteristics deliver reliable performance. They are also available for Marine applications. These premium aftermarket replacement spark plugs are manufactured to meet your expectations for fit, form, and function.

Product Features:

• Black Onyx coating helps reduce corrosion
• Copper core provides great heat transfer and helps maximize plug durability
• Ribbed suppressor seal extends resistance and helps prevent spark ‘flash over’ and misfires
• Nickel-chrome alloy sheathing helps prevent corrosion on center electrode
• Available for use in Marine applications
• Some ACDelco GM Original Equipment parts may have formerly appeared as GM Genuine Parts (OE) or ACDelco Professional
• ACDelco GM Original Equipment parts are designed, engineered and tested to rigorous standards, and are backed by General Motors
• GM Engineers design and validate OE parts specifically for your Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, or Cadillac vehicle
• GM regularly updates production and service part designs to integrate new materials and technologies
• Outstanding Suppression Characteristics: These spark plugs offer outstanding suppression characteristics, reducing radio frequency interference for smoother engine performance.
• Tapered Seat Type: Designed with a tapered seat type, these spark plugs ensure a secure fit and optimal sealing in the engine.
• Resistor Type: Equipped with a resistor, these spark plugs help to minimize electromagnetic interference, contributing to the overall efficiency and reliability of your vehicle’s ignition system.

NGK G-Power Platinum spark plugs are the best single platinum spark plugs at an economical price. G-Power plugs feature a fine wire platinum center electrode and a trapezoidal cut ground electrode that offers increased durability, improved fuel efficiency

Product Features:

• SINGLE PLATINUM TIP: Fine wire 0.6 millimeter platinum tip center electrode ensures improved durability and a consistently stable spark
• PLATINUM ALLOY: G-Power platinum provides exceptional value with increased performance and longer service intervals than factory nickel plugs
• TRAPEZOIDAL CUT GROUND ELECTRODE: Reduces quenching design produces improved ignitability and performance
• SOLID COPPER CORE: 98% pure copper core offers superior heat dissipation, conductivity and ultra wide heat ranges
• COLD-ROLLED THREADS: Prevents cross-threading and damage to cylinder heads
• RECOMMENDED USAGE: Lower cost alternative to double precious metal spark plugs or as an upgrade to OE nickel alloy spark plugs

The Iridium TT Spark Plug combines the durability of an OE-style plug with the unmatched power and torque of high-performance engineering. Featuring a 0.4mm Iridium center electrode – the world’s smallest diameter – it maximizes firing potential for superior ignition. The 0.7mm needle tip ground electrode enhances spark energy while reducing heat quenching, ensuring consistent performance. Built with DENSO’s patented Iridium-Rhodium alloy formula, this spark plug boasts the highest concentration of Iridium among competitors, delivering exceptional durability and reliability. The 360-degree laser welding process guarantees a robust bond and structural integrity, even under extreme conditions. Designed to withstand temperatures exceeding 4000 Deg F, this plug is engineered for endurance and peak performance. Its tapered seat type ensures a secure fit, making it a perfect choice for those seeking long-lasting, high-performance ignition solutions.

Product Features:

• 0.4mm Iridium Center Electrode: World’s Smallest Diameter that maximizes firing potential
• 0.7mm Needle Tip Ground Electrode: Promotes higher spark energy and less heat quenching
• DENSO Patented Optimized Iridium-Rhodium Alloy Formula: Highest concentration of Iridium vs. competitors for greater durability
• DENSO Patented 360 degree laser welding process: Ensuring exceptional quality bond and structural strength with the Iridium Center Electrode
• Durability of an OE style plug combined with Power and Torque of high performance.
• Withstands temperatures greater than 4000 degree Fahrenheit
• Iridium TT

The Platinum Spark Plug (AP666) is a high-performance solution designed to elevate your engine’s efficiency and reliability. Featuring a platinum center electrode firing tip, it ensures quicker firing, smoother starts, and improved fuel efficiency while preventing gap erosion for a longer service life. Its high alumina ceramic insulator enhances thermal conductivity and insulation, delivering superior strength under demanding conditions. The multi-rib insulator effectively prevents flash-over, while the nickel-plated shell resists corrosion, ensuring extended durability. With a mid-projection center electrode and tapered seat type, this spark plug is tailored for optimal performance in older engine applications and designs. The combination of platinum and nickel materials in the electrode tips guarantees consistent ignition and robust performance, making it a dependable choice for drivers seeking enhanced acceleration and reliability. Engineered for durability and efficiency, this spark plug is a smart investment for maintaining peak engine performance over time.

Product Features:

• Engineered with a platinum firing tip that prevents gap erosion for longer service life.
• Its high alumina ceramic insulator provides thermal conductivity and superior insulation for increased strength.
• The multi-rib insulator prevents flash-over.
• Designed with a nickel-plated shell that is corrosion resistant to provide increased durability for extended life.
• Tailored with a mid-projection center electrode and tapered seat type, this spark plug is optimized for older engine designs, ensuring consistent ignition and reliable performance.

ACDelco Gold (Professional) Double Platinum Spark Plug are a high quality alternative to Original Equipment (OE) parts. With a copper core and double platinum pads on the center electrode, these plugs are designed to deliver long-lasting performance. These premium aftermarket replacement spark plugs are manufactured to meet your expectations for fit, form, and function. ACDelco Gold (Professional) parts are manufactured to meet your expectations for fit, form, and function, making them a smart choice for General Motors vehicles, as well as most makes and models, including special applications. These high-quality parts are backed by General Motors. Some ACDelco Gold parts may have formerly appeared as ACDelco Professional.

Product Features:

• One-piece, fired-in suppressor seal blends three glass types for a gas-tight seal that helps reduce radio frequency and engine interference, regulate spark plug energy, and protect against compression pressures for long life
• Double platinum point pad on center and ground electrode offer excellent durability and consistent voltage demands to help reduce wear on ignition system
• Pure copper core results in cooler electrode temperature for maximized durability and fouling resistance
• Some ACDelco Gold parts may have formerly appeared as ACDelco Professional
• Premium aftermarket replacement part
• Manufactured to meet specifications for fit, form, and function for General Motors vehicles as well as most makes and models

ACDelco Gold (Professional) RAPIDFIRE Spark Plugs are a high quality alternative to Original Equipment (OE) parts. These RAPIDFIRE Single Platinum Performance Spark Plugs are designed for everyday use and are a high quality replacement for many vehicles on the road today. These premium aftermarket spark plugs have high-quality suppressors that help prevent misfiring, an improved plug to boot seal, and a pure copper core for greater durability. These premium aftermarket replacement spark plugs are manufactured to meet your expectations for fit, form, and function. ACDelco Gold (Professional) parts are manufactured to meet your expectations for fit, form, and function, making them a smart choice for General Motors vehicles, as well as most makes and models, including special applications. These high-quality parts are backed by General Motors. Some ACDelco Gold parts may have formerly appeared as ACDelco Professional.

Product Features:

• Solid state suppressor, with two-piece glass and brass seal, can help reduce radio frequency interference, regulates spark energy for long electrode life, and helps protect against high combustion pressures
• Pure copper core provides great heat transfer and helps maximize plug durability
• Platinum on center electrode enables superior spark characteristics and can reduce voltage requirements of the ignition system
• Ribless insulator helps optimize plug to boot seal
• Some ACDelco Gold parts may have formerly appeared as ACDelco Professional
• Premium aftermarket replacement part
• Manufactured to meet specifications for fit, form, and function for General Motors vehicles as well as most makes and models

Autolite has over 100 years of engineering experience and has sold over 11 billion plugs. Designed and engineered in the USA, the Autolite Iridium XP spark plugs feature an iridium-enhanced 0.6mm finewire design and patented platinum sidewire technology to provide better overall durability and a more focused ignition for enhanced ignitability and performance. Features double Iridium-enhanced alloy technology center electrode for improved durability and wear resistance.

Product Features:

• 0.6 mm finewire design improves ignitability
• Patented V-trimmed platinum sidewire technology resists wear
• OE equivalent design is engineered for every engine
• Designed for better overall durability with virtually no gap erosion
• Double Iridium-enhanced alloy technology center electrode ensures superior wear resistance for extended performance life.

The Double Platinum Spark Plug is engineered for exceptional durability and performance, making it a top choice for distributor-less ignition system (DIS) engines. Featuring a platinum-to-platinum design, it minimizes gap erosion and reduces misfires, ensuring a longer service life compared to copper and standard platinum plugs. Its yttrium-enhanced ground electrode delivers superior heat transfer, allowing it to withstand high temperatures and pressures for extended durability. The high alumina ceramic insulator optimizes thermal conductivity and dielectric strength, while the multi-rib insulator prevents flash-over for reliable operation. With a mid-projection center electrode and tapered seat type, this performance-grade spark plug is built to deliver consistent ignition and efficiency. Both the center and ground electrode tips are crafted from platinum, ensuring superior conductivity and longevity. Designed to meet the demands of modern engines, this spark plug offers unmatched value and reliability for drivers seeking enhanced engine performance.

Product Features:

• Engineered with a platinum-to-platinum design that prevents gap erosion, extending the life of the spark plug.
• The yttrium-Enhanced Ground Electrode delivers superior heat transfer that delivers more durability under high temps and pressure for greater life.
• Its high alumina ceramic insulator provides optimum thermal conductivity and dielectric strength.
• The multi-rib insulator prevents flash-over.
• Designed with a mid-projection center electrode and tapered seat type to ensure consistent ignition and improved engine efficiency.

The Iridium Power Spark Plug features the world’s smallest Iridium Center Electrode at just 0.4mm, delivering enhanced spark energy for maximum combustion efficiency. Engineered with a patented 360-degree laser welding assembly process, it ensures unmatched durability and precision. The U-groove and taper-cut ground electrode design optimizes flame propagation, improving overall engine performance. Built to withstand extreme temperatures exceeding 4000 degrees Fahrenheit, this spark plug is burnished with nickel plating for exceptional high-temperature endurance and superior corrosion resistance. Its iridium tip material guarantees long-lasting reliability, while the tapered seat type ensures a secure fit. With a wide range of part numbers available, it caters to thousands of applications, including classic and collector cars. Choose this spark plug for unparalleled performance and durability.

Product Features:

• World’s smallest Iridium Center Electrode (0.4mm) for improved spark for maximum combustion
• Patented 360-degree laser welding assembly process
• U-groove and taper cut ground electrode to maximize flame propagation.
• Withstands temperatures greater than 4000 degree Fahrenheit
• Burnished nickel plating for high temperature endurance and superior corrosion resistance
• Wide range of part numbers for thousands of applications, including classic and collector cars
• Iridium Power

Autolite Copper spark plugs are designed to provide reliable performance and quick starts, ensuring your vehicle meets its power and efficiency demands. Featuring a copper core center electrode, these spark plugs excel in thermal control and resist fouling, enhancing overall functionality. The high nickel alloy center and ground electrodes contribute to extended service life, while the high alumina multi-rib ceramic insulator ensures superior thermal conductivity and insulation for added strength. With a nickel-plated shell, these spark plugs resist corrosion, offering long-lasting durability even in challenging conditions. The mid-projection standard center electrode design, combined with nickel tip materials, ensures consistent performance. Designed with a tapered seat and integrated resistor, these spark plugs are a dependable choice for regular-grade applications, delivering value and reliability for your vehicle’s ignition system.

Product Features:

• The copper core center electrode aids in thermal control and improves resistance to fouling.
• Its specially engineered high nickel alloy center and ground electrode provides extended life.
• The high alumina multi-rib ceramic insulator provides thermal conductivity and superior insulation for increased strength.
• Designed with a nickel-plated shell that is corrosion resistant to provide increased durability for extended periods.
• The tapered seat design ensures a secure fit and optimal performance, enhancing reliability in regular-grade applications.

Autolite Platinum spark plugs are crafted for superior performance and durability, making them ideal for older engine applications. Featuring a platinum center electrode firing tip, these spark plugs ensure quicker firing, smoother starts, and improved fuel efficiency. The platinum design prevents gap erosion, extending service life, while the high alumina ceramic insulator enhances thermal conductivity and insulation for added strength. A multi-rib insulator minimizes flash-over, and the nickel-plated shell resists corrosion for long-lasting reliability. With a mid-projection standard center electrode and tapered seat type, these performance-grade spark plugs deliver consistent ignition and optimal engine operation. Designed with a nickel ground electrode tip and integrated resistor, they provide dependable functionality for a wide range of vehicles.

Product Features:

• Engineered with a platinum firing tip that prevents gap erosion for longer service life.
• Its high alumina ceramic insulator provides thermal conductivity and superior insulation for increased strength.
• The multi-rib insulator prevents flash-over.
• Designed with a nickel-plated shell that is corrosion resistant to provide increased durability for extended life.
• Features a mid-projection standard center electrode design that ensures consistent ignition and optimal engine performance.

Copper Plus Spark Plug delivers dependable performance and durability, making it a reliable choice for your vehicle’s ignition system. Featuring a copper core center electrode, it ensures accurate heat range control for extended lifespan and consistent functionality. The nickel center electrode tip material enhances conductivity, while the tapered seat type ensures a secure fit. Designed with superior corrosion resistance, this spark plug is built to ISO and SAE Standards, guaranteeing proven performance under various conditions. Its resistor type further optimizes ignition efficiency, contributing to smoother engine operation. Whether you’re seeking enhanced heat control or long-lasting wear, this spark plug offers exceptional value and reliability for your vehicle’s needs.

Product Features:

• Copper Plus – Dependable Performance.
• Copper core center electrode allows for accurate control of heat range for longer life
• Patented TinTac and ULTRASEAL coated shell for maximum corrosion resistance
• Patented SAC-9 semiconductor resistor for maximum EMI & RFI suppression
• Built to ISO and SAE standards for proven performance